Shoot Pruning and Treatment With Hexaconazole or Urea to Increase Fruit-Set in Olive

Mulas, M; Caddeo, C.; Bandino, G.; Sedda, P.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2011.924.29

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is possible that inherently low vigor reduces growth and sink demand for vegetation, leaving more sources available for fruit set and reproductive growth. In fact, many studies show that reducing vigor, by dwarfing rootstock (Avery, 1970;Preston, 1958), controlled water stress or regulated deficit irrigation (Mitchell et al, 1989), root pruning (Geisler and Ferree, 1984) or containing root volume with drip irrigation (Mitchell and Chalmers, 1983), shoot removal and/or chemical control of vegetative growth (Mulas et al, 2011;Rugini and Pannelli, 1992;Williams et al, 1986), all result in enhanced yields.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Is Inversely Correlated with Yield Efficiency across Cultivars in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees

Rosati¹,

Paoletti²,

Pannelli³

et al. 2017

horts

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Additional index words. modeling, yield efficiency, partitioning, harvest indexAbstract. The modern olive industry is increasingly interested in olive cultivars that start producing early and remain relatively small, because they are suitable for super highdensity orchards. Some cultivars are better suited to this than others but it is not clear why. Understanding the mechanisms that lead to early production and reduced canopy size is therefore important. The object of this study was to investigate whether differences in vigor across olive cultivars are related to earliness and abundance of bearing. We analyzed tree growth and productivity in young coetaneous trees of 12 olive cultivars, grown together in the same orchard. Trunk diameter increased over the observation period, reaching significantly different values across cultivars. Canopy volume also increased, reaching 2-fold differences between the minimum and the maximum values. Cumulative yield increased, reaching up to 3-fold differences. When the cumulative yield at the end of the experiment was plotted against the final trunk diameter, no correlation was found. A significant correlation was found when cumulative yield was plotted against the increment in trunk diameter during the observation period for which yield data were collected. This relationship improved (i.e., R 2 rose from 0.57 to 0.83) when yield efficiency [i.e., cumulative yield per unit of final trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) or per unit of canopy volume] was used instead of yield. These results clearly showed that trees that produced proportionally more (i.e., higher yield efficiencies) grew less. We conclude that, in young olive trees, vigor is inversely related to early bearing efficiency, which differs significantly across cultivars. The results support the hypothesis that early and abundant bearing is a major factor in explaining differences in vigor across olive cultivars.The olive industry requires canopy reduction to allow super high-density orchards which permit earlier production and continuous mechanical harvesting (Rallo et al., 2007;Tous et al., 1999). This has stimulated much research into reduced vigor or even dwarf cultivars

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth Is Inversely Correlated with Yield Efficiency across Cultivars in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees

Rosati¹,

Paoletti²,

Pannelli³

et al. 2017

horts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is not to say, however, that more abundant fruiting cannot be a consequence, rather than the cause, of reduced vigor. Many studies show that reducing vigor by dwarfing rootstock (Avery, 1970;Preston, 1958); controlled water stress or regulated deficit irrigation (Mitchell et al, 1989); root pruning (Geisler and Ferree, 1984) or containing root volume with drip irrigation (Mitchell and Chalmers, 1983), and shoot removal, chemical control of vegetative growth, or both (Mulas et al, 2011;Rugini and Pannelli, 1992;Williams et al, 1986), all result in enhanced yield. With all probability, reducing vigor with any of these techniques would have similar effects also on 'Arbequina', making increased fruiting the result of reduced vigor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of this competition, it has long been assumed that reducing vegetative growth is essential to bring about early and abundant fruiting (Browning, 1985). Containing plant vigor, e.g., by controlled water stress (Mitchell et al, 1989); containing root volume with drip irrigation (Mitchell and Chalmers, 1983) or by root pruning (Geisler and Ferree, 1984); dwarfing rootstocks (Avery, 1970;Preston, 1958); and shoot removal, chemical control of vegetative growth, or both (Mulas et al, 2011;Rugini and Pannelli, 1992;Williams et al, 1986), all result in enhanced yield.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of Dry Matter into Fruit Explains Cultivar Differences in Vigor in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees

Rosati¹,

Paoletti

Hariri

et al. 2018

horts

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Low vigor and early and abundant production are desirable traits for modern tree crops. In olive, most cultivars are too vigorous and cannot be successfully constrained in the small volume allowed by the straddle harvester used in the so-called superhigh-density (SHD) orchards. Only few cultivars appear to have sufficiently low vigor to be suitable for this system. These cultivars combine low vigor with earlier and higher yield. This study investigated the hypothesis that differences in vigor between Arbequina, a low vigor and the most commonly used cultivar in SHD orchards, and Frantoio, a highly vigorous cultivar not suitable for such orchards, are related to their differences in early bearing and consequent differences in dry matter partitioning into fruit. Young trees of both cultivars were deflowered either in 2014, 2015, both years, or neither one, resulting in a range of cumulative yields over the 2 years. Tree trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) was measured at the beginning of each year. This was closely related to total tree mass, as assessed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment. Cumulative yield, in terms of fruit dry matter, was also assessed. TCSA increased less in fruiting trees in both years. As expected, when not deflowered, ‘Frantoio’ was less productive and more vigorous than ‘Arbequina’. However, there was no difference in TCSA increment when both cultivars were completely deflowered. TCSA increments were closely inversely related to yield across all treatments and cultivars (R2 = 0.90). The regressions improved further when data from 2015 only were used (R2 = 0.99). The results represent the first quantitative report showing that differences in vigor among cultivars can be completely explained in terms of different dry matter partitioning into fruit, supporting the hypothesis that early bearing is a major cause, rather than merely a consequence, of lower vigor in young ‘Arbequina’ trees. These results provide new understanding on vigor differences across cultivars, which will be useful for breeding and selection of new genotypes.

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“…Reducing tree growth, by water stress ( Mitchell et al., 1989 ), dwarfing rootstocks ( Preston, 1958 ; Avery, 1970 ), containing roots with drip irrigation ( Mitchell and Chalmers, 1983 ), pruning ( Geisler and Ferree, 1984 ), shoot removal and/or chemical control of vegetative growth ( Williams et al., 1986 ; Rugini and Pannelli, 1993 ; Mulas et al., 2011 ), can all increase fruit yield, suggesting competition between vegetative growth and fruit production.…”

Section: Plant Vigor Biomass Partitioning and Competition Between Veg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivar ideotype for intensive olive orchards: plant vigor, biomass partitioning, tree architecture and fruiting characteristics

Rosati,

Paoletti,

Lodolini

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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In order to achieve higher and earlier yield, modern olive orchards are increasingly intensified, with tree densities up to > 1500 trees hectare-1. With increasing tree densities, individual-tree canopy volume must be proportionally reduced. Not all cultivars are adaptable to high and very high orchard densities, because of excessive vigor and/or insufficient bearing when the canopy is pruned to a small volume. However, what makes an olive cultivar suitable for intensive and super intensive orchards is not clear. Recently, few studies have addressed this topic, suggesting that tree architecture and early bearing are essential traits. Yet, what architectural and productive features are important, how they work and whether they are interrelated remains elusive. This review summarizes and interprets the literature on olive, as well as the more abundant literature available for other fruit species, aiming to provide a comprehensive knowledge framework for understanding how tree architectural characteristics, plant vigor, and fruiting vary across olive genotypes, and how they are interconnected. It is concluded that, among the architectural characteristics, greater branching and smaller diameters of woody structures are particularly important features for cultivar suitability to intensive and super intensive olive orchards. Greater branching allows to produce more fruiting sites in the small volume of canopy allowed in these systems. It also reduces investments in woody structures, liberating resources for fruiting. Additional resources are liberated with smaller structure diameters. Greater branching also increases resources by increasing biomass partitioning into leaves (i.e. the photosynthetic organs), relative to wood. Since yield is affected by the competition for resources with vegetative growth, reducing resource investments in woody structures and/or increasing resource directly, increases yield. Yield, in turn, depresses vegetative growth, reducing vigor and the need for pruning. High yields also produce short shoots which have relatively greater investments in leaf mass and area, and lower in the woody stem, making them more suitable than long shoots to support concurrent fruit growth. This single framework of interpretation of how the different architectural and fruiting characteristics work and interact with one-another, will provide guidance for cultivar selection and breeding for intensive and super intensive olive orchards.

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Shoot Pruning and Treatment With Hexaconazole or Urea to Increase Fruit-Set in Olive

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Growth Is Inversely Correlated with Yield Efficiency across Cultivars in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees

Growth Is Inversely Correlated with Yield Efficiency across Cultivars in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees

Partitioning of Dry Matter into Fruit Explains Cultivar Differences in Vigor in Young Olive (Olea europaea L.) Trees

Cultivar ideotype for intensive olive orchards: plant vigor, biomass partitioning, tree architecture and fruiting characteristics

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