“…Visitors' perceptions of a shopping centre's safety is a function of a number of overlapping factors such as the characteristics of the customers themselves, the safety conditions of the facility, the quality and maintenance of the shopping mall environment and surrounding areas, and the security system in place (Poyser, 2004;Sandberg, 2016;Savard & Kennedy, 2014). The international literature is populated by examples showing how individual factors affect declared perceived safety; the most common of which include age, gender, place of residence, frequency of use of the place, and previous crime victimisation (Ceccato, 2014;Hale, 1996;Pain, 2000;Skogan & Maxfield, 1981).…”