Shopping Motives for Mail Catalog Shopping

Urban place marketing and retail agglomeration customers

“…The retail offer of the tenants can be characterised, firstly, by the merchandise value offered with this being operationalised by the overall price level (x 41 ), the quality level (x 42 ) and the price-quality ratio (x 43 ) (e.g., Severin et al, 2001;van Kenhove et al, 1999). Secondly, the choice of products offered by the tenants -product range -in terms of breadth (x 51 ) and depth (x 52 ) and range of brands available (x 53 ) -is another characteristic of the retail offer (e.g., Oppewal & Holyoake, 2004;Baker et al, 2002;Eastlick & Feinberg, 1999). Finally, the sales personnel described by friendliness (x 61 ), competency (x 62 ) and readiness to help (x 63 ) can be a determinant attributes of the retail face of an urban place (e.g., Ruiz et al, 2004;Hackett & Foxall, 1994;Bearden, 1977).…”

The relevance of shopper logistics for consumers of store-based retail formats

“…Eastlick and Feinberg, 1999;Ring and Tigert, 2001;Ward, 2001;Gehrt and Yan, 2004;Hansen, 2008). This body of literature considers store-based shopping and related logistics tasks as an 'antithesis' of non-store retailing but does not provide in-depth discussions or empirical insights into the relevance of shopper logistics.…”

“…Granzin et al (2005) consider shopper logistics has a substantial effect on a consumer's perceived convenience of store-based shopping. According to Eastlick and Feinberg (1999) the convenience of shopping (ξ 3 ) can be measured by overall convenience (x 31 ), the amount of physical effort (x 32 ), time intensiveness (x 33 ) and the level of 'hecticness' (x 34 ) attached to the whole process. We therefore propose the following two hypotheses: Another measure to evaluate store-based shopping and its burden on consumers is the cost attached to buying groceries from stores (η 2 ; Bell et al, 1998;Kotzab and Teller, 2005a).…”

“…This cost comprises both fixed and variable components for transportation, picking or packing and general opportunity costs (x 41 ; Ingene, 1984;Pashigian, 2003). Opportunity costs can be measured indirectly by the willingness to pay someone else for undertaking a shopping trip to a store (x 42 ; Kotzab and Teller, 2005a Based on the notions of Eastlick and Feinberg (1999) we propose that the convenience of shopping and the cost of shopping as overall evaluations of the undertaken shopper logistics tasks affect patronage behaviour in terms of share of visits to a store (Bell et al, 1998) This set of hypothesis spans our conceptual model which, apart from the direct effects, proposes indirect relationships between the included factors as shown in Figure 1.…”

“…items behind the construct, to improve, for example, store accessibility, store layout, arrangement of categories and products in-store, display of prices in-store, and store check-out procedures. (Fornell and Larcker, 1981;Baggozzi and Yi, 1988); since different units of measurement were used the values were converted into zscores for modelling purposes Sources: (a), Reinartz and Kumar, 1999;, Tang et al, 2001; (c) (d), Eastlick and Feinberg, 1999; (e), Baker et al, 2002;(f), Tang et al, 2001; (g), Rhee and Bell, 2002; (h), Baker et al, 2002;(i), Eastlick and Feinberg, 1999;(j), Teller et al, 2006;(k), Eastlick and Feinberg, 1999;, Baker et al, 2002;, Bell et al, 1998;Pashigian, 2003;Kotzab and Teller, 2005; (n), Kotzab and Teller, 2005;(o), Teller et al, 2006; Figure 1: Conceptual model Notions: Sample size n=603; t-values calculated by applying a bootstrapping procedure with 1,000 sub-samples (Chin, 1998) Caption: µ, moderator; ߚ క , single effect (µ, 0);standardised regression coefficient; ߚ ఓ , effect of µ;ߚ ఓ ,క , effect of interaction terms (moderating effect);t(df), tvalue(degrees of freedom); † , significance level p<.1; * , significance level p<.05; ** , significance level p<.01; *** , significance level p<.001; ns , significance level p>.1; sm, supermarket; hm, hypermarket; ds, discount store; onf, on foot; trans, means of transport used; I , measurement of interaction effect based on the notions of Chin et al (2003); II , measurement of interaction effect (multi group comparison) based on the notions of Keil et al (2000); III , based on the item scale proposed by Babin et al (1994), 12 items operationalising hedonic shopping orientation, Cronbach α, .936;…”