“…Coastal ecosystems, which have multiple functions, are under increasing stress from both human activities and natural processes such as the growing population, coastal erosion, sea level rises, industrialisation, trade, over-exploitation of resources, tourism, and accelerated urbanisation [11,[14][15][16][17]. These physical and human-induced changes have significant environmental consequences [4,18,19]. The natural changes are linked to geomorphic, hydrodynamic, climatic, tectonic, and hydrodynamic processes such as tides, erosion and deposition, coast protection structures, and currents, and can occur over both short and long periods [14,17,[20][21][22].…”