Short- and Long-Term Bond Strength Between Resin Cement and Glass-Ceramic Using a Silane-Containing Universal Adhesive

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various silane-containing solutions on bonding between resin cement and glass ceramic after 24 hours and after six months of water storage. Glass-ceramic plaques (IPS e.max CAD) were sandblasted with aluminum oxide, etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF), and divided into five "silane treatment" groups: RelyX Ceramic Primer (RCP), RelyX Ceramic Primer and Single Bond Plus (RCP+SB), Scotchbond Universal (SBU), Clearfil Ceramic Primer (CP), and no solution (HF-only control). Each group was divided into two "storage time" subgroups: 24 hours or six months in 37°C water. Eighteen resin cement cylinders (RelyX Ultimate) were bonded to each treatment group substrate (n=18) and then subjected to microshear testing. Failure mode was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Debond data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05) as well as Weibull distributions. The factors "silane treatment," "storage time," (p<0.0001), and their interaction were statistically significant (p<0.0010). Group means (MPa±SD), RCP (24 hours: 27.2±3.1; six months: 18.0±4.9), and HF-only control (24 hours: 21.1±3.4; six months: 15.7±5.8) showed a reduced bond strength after six months of water storage, while RCP + SB (24 hours: 23.4±4.4; six months: 22.2±5.4), SBU (24 hours: 18.8±3.0; six months: 17.2±3.6), and CP (24 hours: 21.7±4.3; six months: 17.4±4.8) remained constant. Weibull analysis revealed that more reliable bond strengths were obtained after six months for SBU and RCP + SB. Evaluation by scanning electron microscopy revealed that all groups demonstrated hydrolytic degradation at six months of storage, but RCP + SB and SBU indicated less. Use of a separate application of silane and adhesive system improved short and long-term ceramic/resin cement bond strength.

Bonding Strength of Universal Adhesives to Indirect Substrates: A Meta‐Analysis of in Vitro Studies

“…Seven different indirect substrates were considered in this review. These included lithium disilicate ceramic, 20,22,23,25,28‐39 yttrium‐stabilized zirconium dioxide ceramic, 20 ‐22, 24,27,32,37,40‐53 leucite‐reinforced ceramic, 20,54‐56 feldspathic porcelain, 32,59 polymer infiltrated ceramic material, 19,58 resin composite, 20,26,29,57,59‐66 and metal alloys 67–69 . The characteristics of these studies are summarized in Table 2.…”

Adhesive/silane application effects on bond strength durability to a lithium disilicate ceramic

“…Keeping the orthodontic wire as close as possible to the adhesive interface is mandatory, but very small variations in distance can result in changes in stress distribution, which might contribute to cohesive failures in resin. Murillo‐Gómez et al (2017), have associated these type of failures with higher bond strength values.…”

“…21,22 In this study, even though the majority of failures were adhesive, cohesive failures in resin composite and cohesive failures in the lithium disilicate substrate were detected. Other studies have also reported cohesive failures in lithium disilicate substrate, 23,24 however, if a failure is not purely cohesive in ceramic and occurs in more than one substrate, most studies classify it as a mixed failure, thus it is normally underreported. 25 Although pure adhesive failures demonstrate a better stress distribution during the test set-up, other studies have stated that micro-shear bond strength test can still present some of the disadvantages of the conventional "macro" shear bond strength test, such as nonuniform stress distribution concentrated in the substrate.…”

The strategies used for curing universal adhesives affect the micro-bond strength of resin cement used to lute indirect resin composites to human dentin

“…Recently, so-called "universal" one-step self-etch adhesives have been developed, which can bond to various restorative materials, such as indirect resin composites, glass ceramics, zirconia, and noble and non-precious alloys, without any additional primer applications, as well as to enamel and dentin 7,8) , and are widely used for repairing resin composite restorations as well as for direct resin composite restoration as a photo-cure adhesive. In order to improve bonding to silica filler-containing resin composites and silica-based ceramics, these adhesives contain a silane coupling agent, which has two different functional groups that react with the methacrylate and the silica of the glass structure, respectively.…”