Short- and long-term consequences in decision-making under risk: immediate feedback about long-term prospects benefits people tending to impulsive processing

Mueller, Silke M.; Schiebener, Johannes; Stöckigt, Gerrit; Brand, Matthias

doi:10.1080/20445911.2016.1245660

Cited by 27 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…As social media platforms are designed to fulfill personal needs and to support the experience of immediate gratification (Taddicken and Jers, 2011) while information about possible (negative) long-term consequences is lacking (Taddicken and Jers, 2011;Efroni et al, 2019), one may argue that the degree of uncertainty is increased and that the rewarding short-term consequences are more salient, resulting in decisions led more by impulsive rather than reflective processes. Furthermore, social media applications offer no immediate feedback about possible long-term consequences, which could moreover end up in an even greater disregard of long-term outcomes (Schiebener and Brand, 2015;Müller et al, 2017).…”

Section: A Dual-process Perspective For Privacy-related Decisions On mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess the task performance, Müller et al (2017) propose different scores. Since the CLT net score best reflects the decision-making tendency we address in this study, we only use this score for testing the hypothesis.…”

Section: The Cards and Lottery Task (Clt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values of the net score range between −36 and 36. For a more detailed description of the task design, contingencies, and measures please see Müller et al (2017).…”

Section: The Cards and Lottery Task (Clt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neglecting Long-Term Risks: Self-Disclosure on Social Media and Its Relation to Individual Decision-Making Tendencies and Problematic Social-Networks-Use

2020

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Social media including social-networking sites (SNS) encourage people to disclose personal information via profiles and posts. It is assumed that positive short-term effects and immediate feedback (e.g., getting Likes) have a rewarding nature and may complicate the rational weighing of possible negative long-term consequences related to self-disclosure. Dual-process theories assume risky behaviors to result from more impulsive/short-term oriented compared to reflective/long-term oriented decision making. The current laboratory study investigates whether the extent of online self-disclosure is explained by the general tendency to choose short-term rewards by neglecting long-term risks as well as by tendencies toward a problematic social-networks-use. Participants (N = 88) were asked to log into their Facebook account to answer questions about their actual self-disclosing behavior. Furthermore, they performed an experimental decision-making task and answered a questionnaire assessing problematic social-networks-use. The quantity of self-disclosure via posts was negatively associated with advantageous decision making and positively with tendencies toward a problematic social-networks-use. The findings indicate that high self-disclosure via posts is associated with a general tendency to neglect long-term risks. Moreover, a problematic social-networks-use can additionally increase individual's self-disclosure via posts.

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Section: A Dual-process Perspective For Privacy-related Decisions On mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Cards and Lottery Task (Clt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neglecting Long-Term Risks: Self-Disclosure on Social Media and Its Relation to Individual Decision-Making Tendencies and Problematic Social-Networks-Use

2020

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“…For example, Pertl et al (2017) showed that decision making was superior in individuals who reasoned about the given options before performing the decision task compared to those who did not. Also, the provided supportive information might have served as a kind of additional feedback, which can have positive effects on upcoming decisions (Brand, 2008;Lejarraga & Gonzalez, 2011;Mueller et al, 2017). We also acknowledge that practice effects in terms of a growing familiarity with the task and the presented options could be responsible for the persistence in mAD patients' task performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…inhibition, set-shifting, cognitive flexibility) and working memory are assumed to be important for exercising cognitive control (including functions such as reflecting on options, feedback monitoring, planning, and strategy application) and for the evaluation of risks, which is why they are attributed to reflective information processing. Results of experimental studies indicate that executive functions are especially relevant in decision situations where no direct feedback about (long-term) consequences is available (Brand et al, 2009;Mueller, Schiebener, Stöckigt, & Brand, 2017), misleading biases are present (Schiebener, Wegmann, Pawlikowski, & Brand, 2012), or no support is offered (Schiebener et al, 2013). Accordingly, external influences of the decision situation, such as feedback or supportive information, can have positive effects on decision making under objective risk (see also Figner, Mackinlay, Wilkening, & Weber, 2009).…”

Section: Theoretical Classification Of Decision Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision support in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease

Mueller

Arías

Vázquez³

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Introduction: Making advantageous decisions is a key competence of individuals of all ages. However, previous studies reported a reduction of this competence in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, which is explained by impairments of executive functions such as cognitive flexibility or working memory. While previous findings from healthy participants with reduced executive functions showed that support can improve decision making under risk, the study at hand aimed to investigate this effect in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (mAD). Method: A group of elderly individuals diagnosed with mAD (n = 14; mean MMSE = 24.14, SD = 3.18) and a control group of healthy age-matched controls (n = 14; mean MMSE = 29.29, SD = 1.98) performed a decision-making task (GDT) three times (t0, t1, t2) with intervals of five to nine days between each: The standard GDT plus other neurocognitive tasks (t0), the GDT with supportive information following each decision (t1), and again the GDT without decision support (t2). Results: At any time, mAD patients made more disadvantageous decisions than controls. However, the decision-making performance of mAD patients improved significantly with decision support. Interestingly, when the standard GDT was played again (t2), mAD patients' performance remained similar to the performance in the GDT with decision support (t1). GDT performance correlated consistently with executive function measures in the control group, but only at t0 in the mAD group. Conclusions: The findings indicate that supportive information about the riskiness of options can compensate for mAD-related deficits in decision making under risk. Thus, decision support can improve the quality of mAD patients' decisions. Further, it may prevent mAD patients from making highly risky decisions in similar situations in the future. The persistence of decision support should be further investigated as it has relevant implications for everyday decisions that include risks.

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Decision-making, cognitive functions, impulsivity, and media multitasking expectancies in high versus low media multitaskers

et al. 2021

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In several studies, individuals who reported to frequently multitask with different media displayed reduced cognitive performance, for example in fluid intelligence and executive functioning. These cognitive functions are relevant for making advantageous decisions under both objective risk (requiring reflection and strategical planning) and ambiguous risk (requiring learning from feedback). Thus, compared to low media multitaskers (LMMs), high media multitaskers (HMMs) may perform worse in both types of decision situations. The current study investigated HMMs and LMMs in a laboratory setting with the Game of Dice Task (GDT; objective risk), the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; ambiguous risk), various tests quantifying cognitive functions (logical reasoning, working memory, information processing, general executive functions), and self-report measures of impulsivity, media multitasking expectancies, and problematic Internet use. From 182 participants, 25 HMMs and 19 LMMs were identified using the Media Multitasking Index. Results show that HMMs compared to LMMs performed weaker on the IGT but not on the GDT. Furthermore, HMMs had slightly decreased performance in tests of logical reasoning and working memory capacity. HMMs tended to increased information processing speed but this difference was not significant. Furthermore, HMMs have more positive expectancies regarding media multitasking and reported higher tendencies toward problematic Internet use. HMMs and LMMs did not differ significantly with respect to impulsivity and executive functions. The results give a first hint that HMMs may have difficulties in decision-making under ambiguous but not under objective risk. HMMs may be more prone to errors in tasks that require feedback processing. However, HMMs appear not to be impaired in aspects of long-term strategic decision-making.

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Short- and long-term consequences in decision-making under risk: immediate feedback about long-term prospects benefits people tending to impulsive processing

Cited by 27 publications

References 70 publications

Neglecting Long-Term Risks: Self-Disclosure on Social Media and Its Relation to Individual Decision-Making Tendencies and Problematic Social-Networks-Use

Neglecting Long-Term Risks: Self-Disclosure on Social Media and Its Relation to Individual Decision-Making Tendencies and Problematic Social-Networks-Use

Decision support in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease

Decision-making, cognitive functions, impulsivity, and media multitasking expectancies in high versus low media multitaskers

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