Short and long term effects of early nutrition in broiler chickens

Hollemans, Maarten S.

doi:10.18174/528572

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(512 reference statements)

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“…These results underline the importance of the provision of feed to broiler chicks immediately at the hatchery as the delay in feeding time can have negative consequences on the performance of these chickens in the early stages of production. In line with previous studies ( de Jong et al, 2017 ; Hollemans, 2020 ), BW of early-fed chickens in the current study was always higher than the BW of non-early-fed chickens until day 37 of age. In general, the variation in the BW between early-fed and delayed-fed chicks depends on the experimental context and feed deprivation times, and the results of the current study seemed to confirm that early feeding has long-term effects on the absolute values of BW ( Hollemans, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In line with previous studies ( de Jong et al, 2017 ; Hollemans, 2020 ), BW of early-fed chickens in the current study was always higher than the BW of non-early-fed chickens until day 37 of age. In general, the variation in the BW between early-fed and delayed-fed chicks depends on the experimental context and feed deprivation times, and the results of the current study seemed to confirm that early feeding has long-term effects on the absolute values of BW ( Hollemans, 2020 ). However, the current study also showed that early feeding resulted in worse cleanliness and gait scores at the slaughter age compared to delayed nutrition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Provision of feed immediately post-hatch (early feeding) promotes early gut development ( Reicher et al, 2020 ) and provides dietary antigens, which influence microbial diversity and colonization pattern in the chicken gut ( Simon et al, 2015 ). Moreover, early feeding can also positively affect the performance of broiler chickens in the long term until slaughter age ( Hollemans, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host genotype affects endotoxin release in excreta of broilers at slaughter age

et al. 2023

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Host genotype, early post-hatch feeding, and pre- and probiotics are factors known to modulate the gut microbiome. However, there is a knowledge gap on the effect of both chicken genotype and these dietary strategies and their interplay on fecal microbiome composition and diversity, which, in turn, can affect the release of endotoxins in the excreta of broilers. Endotoxins are a major concern as they can be harmful to both animal and human health. The main goal of the current study was to investigate whether it was possible to modulate the fecal microbiome, thereby reducing endotoxin concentrations in the excreta of broiler chickens. An experiment was carried out with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including the following three factors: 1) genetic strain (fast-growing Ross 308 vs. slower growing Hubbard JA757); 2) no vs. combined use of probiotics and prebiotics in the diet and drinking water; and 3) early feeding at the hatchery vs. non-early feeding. A total of 624 Ross 308 and 624 Hubbard JA757 day-old male broiler chickens were included until d 37 and d 51 of age, respectively. Broilers (N = 26 chicks/pen) were housed in a total of 48 pens, and there were six replicate pens/treatment groups. Pooled cloacal swabs (N = 10 chickens/pen) for microbiome and endotoxin analyses were collected at a target body weight (BW) of 200 g, 1 kg, and 2.5 kg. Endotoxin concentration significantly increased with age (p = 0.01). At a target BW of 2.5 kg, Ross 308 chickens produced a considerably higher amount of endotoxins (Δ = 552.5 EU/mL) than the Hubbard JA757 chickens (p < 0.01). A significant difference in the Shannon index was observed for the interaction between the use of prebiotics and probiotics, and host genotype (p = 0.02), where Ross 308 chickens with pre-/probiotics had lower diversity than Hubbard JA757 chickens with pre-/probiotics. Early feeding did not affect both the fecal microbiome and endotoxin release. Overall, the results suggest that the chicken genetic strain may be an important factor to take into account regarding fecal endotoxin release, although this needs to be further investigated under commercial conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host genotype affects endotoxin release in excreta of broilers at slaughter age

et al. 2023

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“…Lower body weight in HH as compared to OH chickens is likely caused by the delay in access to feed and water ( 82 ). Although studies showed that the duration of the effect of the first feeding moment on body weight may vary, due to variation in post-hatch feed deprivation time and the ability of delayed-fed chickens to show compensatory growth ( 82 , 83 ), on-farm hatched chickens usually show a higher body weight at least during the first weeks of life ( 38 – 41 ). It is unclear why we observed such short-term effects of hatching conditions on body weight development in the present experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life environment affects behavior, welfare, gut microbiome composition, and diversity in broiler chickens

et al. 2022

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This study aimed to identify whether early-life conditions in broiler chickens could affect their behavior and welfare, and whether or not this was associated with an altered gut microbiome composition or diversity. Broilers were tested in a 2 x 2 factorial design with hatching conditions [home pen (OH) or at the hatchery (HH)] and enrichment (dark brooder (EE) or no brooder (NE) until 14 days of age) as factors (N = 6 per treatment combination). Microbiota composition was measured in the jejunum on days (d) 7, 14, and 35 and in pooled fecal samples on day 14. A novel environment test (NET) was performed on days 1 and 11, and the behavior was observed on days 6, 13, and 33. On day 35, composite asymmetry was determined and footpad dermatitis and hock burn were scored. In their home pen, HH showed more locomotion than OH (P = 0.05), and NE were sitting more and showed more comfort behavior than EE at all ages (P <0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). On days 6 and 13 NE showed more eating and litter pecking while sitting, but on day 33 the opposite was found (age*enrichment: P = 0.05 and P <0.01, respectively). On days 1 and 11, HH showed more social reinstatement in the NET than OH, and EE showed more social reinstatement than NE (P <0.05). Composite asymmetry scores were lower for EE than NE (P <0.05). EE also had less footpad dermatitis and hock burn than NE (P <0.001). Within OH, NE had a more diverse fecal and jejunal microbiome compared to EE on day 14 (feces: observed richness: P = 0.052; jejunum: observed richness and Shannon: P <0.05); the principal component analysis (PCA) showed differences between NE and EE within both HH and OH in fecal samples on day 14, as well as significant differences in bacterial genera such as Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae (P <0.05). On day 35, PCA in jejunal samples only showed a trend (P = 0.068) for differences between NE vs. EE within the OH. In conclusion, these results suggest that especially the dark brooder affected the behavior and had a positive effect on welfare as well as affected the composition and diversity of the microbiome. Whether or not the behavior was modulated by the microbiome or vice versa remains to be investigated.

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“…This may explain why differences in broiler resilience were more evident in the response to colibacillosis, which was induced at day 8 of age, compared to necrotic enteritis that was induced at day 21 of age. Hollemans (2020) concluded in his thesis that early feeding may improve resistance to infectious diseases during the first week of age because higher IgM natural antibodies were found in early compared to delay fed broilers up to 7 days of age, whereas at older ages no difference in systemic humoral immunity was found.…”

Section: Maturation Of the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Route to resilience: long term effects of incubation temperature and early feeding in broilers

Wijnen¹

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Post-hatch feeding strategyOne perinatal condition that may affect broiler resilience is the moment of first access to feed and water after hatch. In modern commercial practice, most chicks are withheld from feed and water during the period from hatch at a hatchery until placement in a broiler house (from here onwards referred to as 'delayed feeding'). Delayed feedingThe duration from hatch until placement is dependent on hatch moment, chick processing procedures, and transport duration from hatchery to farm. Hatch moment varies between individual chicks within a batch of incubated eggs. The hatch moment is determined by abiotic factors, such as egg storage duration or temperature within an incubator, as well as biotic factors, such as variations in egg weight, parent flock age, sex of the embryo, and eggshell

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Short and long term effects of early nutrition in broiler chickens

Cited by 3 publications

References 183 publications

Host genotype affects endotoxin release in excreta of broilers at slaughter age

Host genotype affects endotoxin release in excreta of broilers at slaughter age

Early life environment affects behavior, welfare, gut microbiome composition, and diversity in broiler chickens

Route to resilience: long term effects of incubation temperature and early feeding in broilers

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