Short- and long-term exposure to air pollution and lack of sunlight are associated with an increased risk of depression: A nested case-control study using meteorological data and national sample cohort data

Kim, So Young; Bang, Minji; Wee, Jee Hye; Min, Chanyang; Yoo, Dae Myoung; Han, Sang-Min; Kim, Seungdo; Choi, Hyo Geun

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143960

Cited by 60 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In addition to vitamin D status, the environmental sunlight may also affect the physiological and cognitive function of the human body by regulating the circadian rhythm and affecting the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) which are also called the body’s internal clock. One of the regulatory functions of SCN is to inhibit the pineal gland from converting serotonin into melatonin, which is involved in many mental and cognitive disorders [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time spent in outdoor light is associated with the risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study of 362094 participants

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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Background Data on the association between free-living daytime sunlight exposure and incident dementia are scarce. The objective is to evaluate whether the time spent in outdoor light is related to the dementia risk and to investigate whether the optimal duration varies with clinical parameters. Methods Data were from a prospective cohort of 362,094 UK Biobank participants. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate how many hours the participants spent outdoors on typical summer and winter days. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) was performed to explore the potential nonlinear relationship between sunlight exposure and the risk of dementia. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations between sunlight exposure and dementia outcomes, with the change points as a reference. Results After a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 4149 (1.15%) individuals were diagnosed with dementia. RCS showed a J-shaped relationship between time spent in outdoor light and the dementia risk, with the lowest risk at three change points (1.5 h/day on average, 2 h/day in summer, and 1 h/day in winter). Cox hazard regression models showed a marked increase in risk at low exposure (HR=1.287, 95%CI 1.094–1.515) but a relatively slow increase at higher exposure (HR=1.070, 95%CI 1.031–1.10). Results are more pronounced among participants over 60 years old, females, and those with exactly 7 h of sleep every night. Conclusions Sunlight exposure had a J-shaped association with dementia risk. Giving detailed guidance on sunlight exposure can effectively prevent dementia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time spent in outdoor light is associated with the risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study of 362094 participants

et al. 2022

BMC Med

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“…First of all, the fine particles that cause air pollution may increase the body's oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. These changes can severely destroy the cytokine signals that regulate brain function, manifested as depression ( 52 ), anxiety ( 53 ) and cognitive dysfunction ( 54 , 55 ). In addition, air pollution can induce a variety of physical health diseases, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and obstructive lung diseases.…”

Section: Theoretical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Health Effects of Air Pollution: Fresh Evidence From China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey

Shen

Zhong

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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The effects of air pollution on population health are currently a hot topic. However, few studies have examined the physical and mental health effects of air pollution jointly in China. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2015 and 2018, this study explores how air pollution affects the physical and mental health of middle-aged and elderly residents. The empirical results highlight that air pollution can negatively affect both physical and mental health. In terms of physical health, those exposed to chronic shock are likely to suffer more adverse effects from air pollution than those exposed to acute shock. In terms of mental health, those exposed to depression suffer greater adverse effects than those exposed to episodic memory and mental cognition. Besides, heterogeneity analysis also shows that air pollution affects the mental and physical health of males more than females. Furthermore, the increase in air pollution is expected to result in huge hospitalization costs. Therefore, the Chinese government should formulate differentiated public health policies to reduce the effects of air pollution on the health of middle-aged and elderly residents.

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“…Another study discovered a positive association of long-term NO 2 exposure with the prescription of antidepressants by using single-exposure regression models based on a large-scale Dutch health survey ( 31 ). A study with a nested case–control design revealed relationships of long- and short-term CO exposure with heightened depression risks ( 32 ). These studies had similar results to our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Symptoms of Depression and Air Pollutant Exposure Among Older Adults: Results From the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA)

Wang

Liao

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Background: Little epidemiological research has investigated the associations of air pollutant exposure over various time windows with older adults' symptoms of depression. This study aimed to analyze the relationships of long- and short-term ambient air pollution exposure (to coarse particulate matter, O3, SO2, CO, and NOx) with depressive symptoms in a sample of community-dwelling older adults.Methods: A sample of older adults (n = 1,956) was recruited from a nationally representative multiple-wave study (Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging). Between 1996 and 2007, four waves of surveys investigated depressive symptoms by using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression questionnaire. We approximated air pollutant concentrations from 1995 to 2007 by using daily concentration data for five air pollutants at air quality monitoring stations in the administrative zone of participants' residences. after adjusting for covariates, we applied generalized linear mixed models to analyze associations for different exposure windows (7-, 14-, 21-, 30-, 60-, 90-, and 180-day and 1-year moving averages).Results: In a one-pollutant model, long- and short-term exposure to CO and NOx was associated with heightened risks of depressive symptoms; the odds ratio and corresponding 95% confidence interval for each interquartile range (IQR) increment in CO at 7-, 14-, 21-, 30-, 60-, 90-, and 180-day and 1-year moving averages were 1.232 (1.116, 1.361), 1.237 (1.136, 1.348), 1.216 (1.128, 1.311), 1.231 (1.133, 1.338), 1.224 (1.124, 1.332), 1.192 (1.106, 1.285), 1.228 (1.122, 1.344), and 1.180 (1.102, 1.265), respectively. Those for each IQR increment in NOx were 1.312 (1.158, 1.488), 1.274 (1.162, 1.398), 1.295 (1.178, 1.432), 1.310 (1.186, 1.447), 1.345 (1.209, 1.496), 1.348 (1.210, 1.501), 1.324 (1.192, 1.471), and 1.219 (1.130, 1.314), respectively. The exposure to PM10, O3, and SO2 over various windows were not significant. In the two-pollutant model, only the associations of NOx exposure with depressive symptoms remained robust after adjustment for any other pollutant.Conclusions: Exposure to traffic-associated air pollutants could increase depression risks among older adults.

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Short- and long-term exposure to air pollution and lack of sunlight are associated with an increased risk of depression: A nested case-control study using meteorological data and national sample cohort data

Cited by 60 publications

References 46 publications

Time spent in outdoor light is associated with the risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study of 362094 participants

Time spent in outdoor light is associated with the risk of dementia: a prospective cohort study of 362094 participants

Population Health Effects of Air Pollution: Fresh Evidence From China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey

Associations Between Symptoms of Depression and Air Pollutant Exposure Among Older Adults: Results From the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA)

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