Short and long-term impacts of nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems

Vries, Wim de; Du, Enzai; Butterbach‐Bahl, Klaus

doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2014.09.001

Cited by 201 publications

(198 citation statements)

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“…This results in a ratio of approx. 3:2 between plant and soil N retention and corroborates well with ecosystem partitioning of C sequestration with N deposition (De Vries et al 2014). It is notable that some processes responsible for soil N retention are not fully captured by the model.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

“…We found a significant mean annual increase of +0.07 to +0.43 kg N ha showing that chronic N deposition stimulates tree growth only to a certain level (de Vries et al 2014) and may even be adverse at high levels of N deposition (Magill et al 2004). Significant retention of additional N in SOM occurred together with tree N uptake and was between +0.02 and +0.3 kg N ha −1 y −1 with every additional kilogram N per hectare in deposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Historic nitrogen deposition determines future climate change effects on nitrogen retention in temperate forests

et al. 2017

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Nitrogen (N) cycle processes in terrestrial ecosystems are highly sensitive to temperature and soil moisture variations. Thus, future climate change may affect the degree to which N deposited from the atmosphere will be retained in forest ecosystems. We evaluated the effect of future changes in climate and N deposition on ecosystem N cycling using the model LandscapeDNDC forced with historical data from eight long-term forest ecosystem monitoring stations in Austria and downscaled future N deposition and climate scenarios. With every 1°C of warming, annual N uptake in biomass increased by +0.03 to +0.54 kg N ha , and mean annual N leaching was between −0.09 and −2.03 kg N ha −1 lower. The magnitude of N deposition in the years from 1990 to 2010 was by far the most important determinant of the response of nitrogen cycling to future warming, including statistically significant relationships with humus N content and N leaching. We conclude that climate change will likely increase ecosystem N retention in temperate forest ecosystems, and even more so at forest sites with high past N deposition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Historic nitrogen deposition determines future climate change effects on nitrogen retention in temperate forests

et al. 2017

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“…Most increases in aboveground biomass from increased N deposition are allocated to stems [42,50,51], particularly for small-diameter trees [52]. This response results in faster biomass accumulation, which produces taller, skinnier trees [52].…”

Section: Observations Of N Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the increase in growth is not consistent or linear for all species. For example, de Vries et al [50] found that tropical forests had the least response to N deposition compared to temperate and boreal forests, and in some cases a negative growth relationship exists at high N inputs [49]. Herbaceous plants also experience biomass increases from N deposition [48,54], and under low levels of N deposition they can increase aboveground biomass more than trees [51].…”

Section: Observations Of N Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earth System Model Needs for Including the Interactive Representation of Nitrogen Deposition and Drought Effects on Forested Ecosystems

Drewniak

Gonzàlez-Meler

2017

Forests

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Abstract:One of the biggest uncertainties of climate change is determining the response of vegetation to many co-occurring stressors. In particular, many forests are experiencing increased nitrogen deposition and are expected to suffer in the future from increased drought frequency and intensity. Interactions between drought and nitrogen deposition are antagonistic and non-additive, which makes predictions of vegetation response dependent on multiple factors. The tools we use (Earth system models) to evaluate the impact of climate change on the carbon cycle are ill equipped to capture the physiological feedbacks and dynamic responses of ecosystems to these types of stressors. In this manuscript, we review the observed effects of nitrogen deposition and drought on vegetation as they relate to productivity, particularly focusing on carbon uptake and partitioning. We conclude there are several areas of model development that can improve the predicted carbon uptake under increasing nitrogen deposition and drought. This includes a more flexible framework for carbon and nitrogen partitioning, dynamic carbon allocation, better representation of root form and function, age and succession dynamics, competition, and plant modeling using trait-based approaches. These areas of model development have the potential to improve the forecasting ability and reduce the uncertainty of climate models.

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“…Long et al, 2004), but also to changes in regional O 3 concentrations -affecting plant performance and, thus, e.g. plant litter production or transpiration -and/or atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen , which not only is an additional N r source for soil microbial processes but also drives forest C sequestration and changes in soil C and N stocks (De Vries et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of global change during the 21st century on the nitrogen cycle

et al. 2015

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Abstract. The global nitrogen (N) cycle at the beginning of the 21st century has been shown to be strongly influenced by the inputs of reactive nitrogen (N r ) from human activities, including combustion-related NO x , industrial and agricultural N fixation, estimated to be 220 Tg N yr −1 in 2010, which is approximately equal to the sum of biological N fixation in unmanaged terrestrial and marine ecosystems. According to current projections, changes in climate and land use during the 21st century will increase both biological and anthropogenic fixation, bringing the total to approximately 600 Tg N yr −1 by around 2100. The fraction contributed directly by human activities is unlikely to increase substantially if increases in nitrogen use efficiency in agriculture are achieved and control measures on combustion-related emissions implemented.Some N-cycling processes emerge as particularly sensitive to climate change. One of the largest responses to climate in the processing of N r is the emission to the atmosphere of NH 3 , which is estimated to increase from 65 Tg N yr −1 in 2008 to 93 Tg N yr −1 in 2100 assuming a change in global surface temperature of 5 • C in the absence of increased anthropogenic activity. With changes in emissions in response to increased demand for animal products the combined effect would be to increase NH 3 emissions to 135 Tg N yr −1 . Another major change is the effect of climate changes on aerosol composition and specifically the increased sublimation of NH 4 NO 3 close to the ground to form HNO 3 and NH 3 in a warmer climate, which deposit more rapidly to terrestrial surfaces than aerosols. Inorganic aerosols over the polluted regions especially in Europe and North America were dominated by (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in the 1970s to 1980s, and large reductions in emissions of SO 2 have removed most of the SO 2− 4 from the atmosphere in these regions. Inorganic aerosols from anthropogenic emissions are now dominated by NH 4 NO 3 , a volatile aerosol which contributes substantially to PM 10 and human health effects globally as well as eutrophication and climate effects. The volatility of NH 4 NO 3 and rapid dry deposition of the vapour phase dissociation Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. D. Fowler et al.: Effects of global change during the 21st century on the nitrogen cycleproducts, HNO 3 and NH 3 , is estimated to be reducing the transport distances, deposition footprints and inter-country exchange of N r in these regions.There have been important policy initiatives on components of the global N cycle. These have been regional or country-based and have delivered substantial reductions of inputs of N r to sensitive soils, waters and the atmosphere. To date there have been no attempts to develop a global strategy to regulate human inputs to the nitrogen cycle. However, considering the magnitude of global N r use, potential future increases, and the very large leakage of N r in many forms to soils, waters and the atmosphere, international action is re...

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Short and long-term impacts of nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems

Cited by 201 publications

References 120 publications

Historic nitrogen deposition determines future climate change effects on nitrogen retention in temperate forests

Historic nitrogen deposition determines future climate change effects on nitrogen retention in temperate forests

Earth System Model Needs for Including the Interactive Representation of Nitrogen Deposition and Drought Effects on Forested Ecosystems

Effects of global change during the 21st century on the nitrogen cycle

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