Short and Long-Term Prognostic Significance of Galectin-3 in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Köktürk, Uğur; Püşüroğlu, Hamdi; Somuncu, Mustafa Umut; Akgül, Özgür; Uygur, Begüm; Özyılmaz, Sinem; Işıksaçan, Nilgün; Surgit, Özgür; Yildirim, Aydın

doi:10.1177/00033197221149846

“…Moreover, one study also showed that galectin-3 predicted the composite of CV death and HF hospitalization at 1 year in STEMI patients. 4 These studies are consistent with the conclusions made by Köktürk et al 1 The mechanisms by which galectin-3 participates in CVD and affects prognosis remain unclear. Galectin-3, a proinflammatory cytokine, is mainly secreted by activated macrophages.…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

“…

Dear editor,We read with great interest the article entitled "Short and Long-Term Prognostic Significance of Galectin-3 in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention" by Köktürk et al 1 We congratulate the authors and would like to discuss some points about the relationship between Galectin-3 and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) were divided into high and low galectin-3 groups for comparison. 1 They found that the primary clinical outcomes including cardiovascular (CV) mortality, non-fatal reinfarction, stroke, and target vessel revascularization were significantly higher in the high galectin-3 group.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-3 as a Novel Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease

Sun

¹

,

Wang

²

,

Ren

³

2023

Angiology

1

0

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Dear editor,We read with great interest the article entitled "Short and Long-Term Prognostic Significance of Galectin-3 in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention" by Köktürk et al. 1 We congratulate the authors and would like to discuss some points about the relationship between Galectin-3 and cardiovascular disease (CVD).Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) were divided into high and low galectin-3 groups for comparison. 1 They found that the primary clinical outcomes including cardiovascular (CV) mortality, non-fatal reinfarction, stroke, and target vessel revascularization were significantly higher in the high galectin-3 group. They also found that galectin-3 was associated with adverse CVevents, heart failure (HF), and re-hospitalization.Interestingly, Asleh et al. 2 found that elevated galectin-3 was associated with increased risk of death and HF in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Li et al. 3 showed that galectin-3 was an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Moreover, one study also showed that galectin-3 predicted the composite of CV death and HF hospitalization at 1 year in STEMI patients. 4 These studies are consistent with the conclusions made by Köktürk et al. 1 The mechanisms by which galectin-3 participates in CVD and affects prognosis remain unclear. Galectin-3, a proinflammatory cytokine, is mainly secreted by activated macrophages. 5 It has been proven to play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes such as cell adhesion, apoptosis, inflammation, which is involved in the formation of atherosclerosis. 5 Furthermore, it is recognized that galectin-3 has an adverse effect on cardiac remodeling and myofibroblast activation. 6,7 However, several studies have suggested cardioprotective effect of galectin-3. In a C57BL/6 galectin-3 knockout mice model, gene deletion of galectin-3 reduced the lifespan and markedly increased age-dependent mechanisms of myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, and fibrosis. 8 In a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI), galectin-3 knockout displayed an increased trend towards mortality, chiefly due to ventricular rupture, emphasizing that galectin-3 is necessary for normal wound healing, especially during the initial phases of cardiac repair. 9In conclusion, galectin-3 plays a role in CVD, but its relevance and specific mechanism remain controversial. More research is required to further clarify the role of galectin-3 in the CV system.

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“…We read with interest the article entitled "Short and Long-Term Prognostic Significance of Galectin-3 in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention" by K öktürk et al 1 We congratulate the authors and would like to discuss some points regarding galectin-3 and cardiovascular disease (CVD).…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

Dear Editor,We read with interest the article entitled "Short and Long-Term Prognostic Significance of Galectin-3 in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention" by K öktürk et al 1 We congratulate the authors and would like to discuss some points regarding galectin-3 and cardiovascular disease (CVD).The authors 1 reported that high galectin-3 levels are associated with heart failure (HF) development and rehospitalization in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This is consistent with some previous clinical research.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Letter: Galectin-3: An Important but Insufficiently Explored Biomarker in Cardiovascular Disease

Liu¹,

Liu²

2023

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Dear Editor,We read with interest the article entitled "Short and Long-Term Prognostic Significance of Galectin-3 in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention" by K öktürk et al. 1 We congratulate the authors and would like to discuss some points regarding galectin-3 and cardiovascular disease (CVD).The authors 1 reported that high galectin-3 levels are associated with heart failure (HF) development and rehospitalization in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This is consistent with some previous clinical research. 2,3 Galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin secreted primarily by activated macrophages, has a variety of biological functions such as inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, adhesion, and migration of neutrophils to endothelia. 4 In recent years, galectin-3 has attracted attention in CVD such as coronary artery disease (CAD), HF, and atrial fibrillation (AF). Tsigkou et al. 5 found that higher levels of galectin-3 might be used for risk stratification of patients with ischemic HF in a prospective study. The Köktürk et al study 1 also reported that the level of galectin-3 was associated with HF in patients with STEMI. Galectin-3 is also a potential predictor of the recurrence of AF after catheter ablation (CA). A recent study demonstrated that AF recurrence after CA had a higher galectin-3 baseline level, and a higher preoperative circulating galectin-3 level was an independent predictor of AF recurrence for patients undergoing CA. 6 A meta-analysis 7 came to the same conclusion. However, Kornej et al 8 think that the galectin-3 level is driven by cardiometabolic comorbidities and that it is not useful for predicting the rhythm outcome after CA.Overall, the available evidence supports that galectin-3 is a biomarker of the prognosis of CVD. However, most of the current evidence is from small-scale clinical studies. How galectin-3 affects the prognosis of CVD is still unclear. More research is needed to clarify its signal pathway in CVD.

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“…Performing FFR and IVUS in ACS does not significantly affect 30-day or one-year mortality [ 39 ]. High galectin-3 levels were associated with the short-term and long-term development of adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure, and re-hospitalization [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Serum BAFF Levels with Cardiovascular Events in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Wang

¹

,

Wang

²

,

Cui

³

et al. 2023

JCM

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Objectives: The B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a B cell survival factor involved in atherosclerosis and ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. This study sought to investigate whether BAFF is a potential predictor of poor outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: We prospectively enrolled 299 patients with STEMI, and serum levels of BAFF were measured. All subjects were followed for three years. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including cardiovascular death, nonfatal reinfarction, hospitalization for heart failure (HF), and stroke. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to analyze the predictive value of BAFF for MACEs. Results: In multivariate analysis, BAFF was independently associated with risk of MACEs (adjusted HR 1.525, 95% CI 1.085–2.145; p = 0.015) and cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.632, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.132–11.650, p = 0.030) after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that patients with BAFF levels above the cut-off value (1.46 ng/mL) were more likely to have MACEs (log-rank p < 0.0001) and cardiovascular death (log-rank p < 0.0001). In subgroup analysis, the impact of high BAFF on MACEs development was stronger in patients without dyslipidemia. Furthermore, the C-statistic and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) values for MACEs were improved with BAFF as an independent risk factor or when combined with cardiac troponin I. Conclusions: This study suggests that higher BAFF levels in the acute phase are an independent predictor of the incidence of MACEs in patients with STEMI.

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Short and Long-Term Prognostic Significance of Galectin-3 in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Galectin-3 as a Novel Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease

Galectin-3 as a Novel Biomarker of Cardiovascular Disease

Letter: Galectin-3: An Important but Insufficiently Explored Biomarker in Cardiovascular Disease

Association of Serum BAFF Levels with Cardiovascular Events in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

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