Short carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy foams with isotropic cellular structure and anisotropic mechanical response produced from liquid foam templates

Song, Wenzhe; Konstantellos, Georgios; Li, Diyang; Lee, Koon‐Yang

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107871

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…For example, in the work of Wang et al [22], homogenous and un-oriented (3D) dispersion of CFs was achieved in the Si/Phenolic resin by mechanically stirring the solution for 30 min. A good dispersion of CFs within the air-in-resin liquid foam was also achieved in the work of Song et al [21] after only 2 min of mixing time with a mechanical frothing process. Benzerga et al [24] have shown the elaboration of homogeneous CFs-loaded composites using the mechanical dispersion method of CFs, but they have also shown CFs breakage with this dispersion technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Long Carbon Fibers for Microwave Absorption: Effect of Fiber Length on Absorption Frequency Band

et al. 2020

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This work presents lightweight epoxy foams loaded with very low weight percentages (≤0.5 wt.%) of carbon fibers (CFs) with different lengths (3 mm, 6 mm, and 12 mm) as broadband microwave absorbing materials for anechoic chamber application. The effect of CF length on microwave absorption, especially on the absorption frequency band, is investigated for frequencies between 1 and 15 GHz. For the elaboration of composites, three different methods—spatula, shear mixing, and ultrasounds—are used for the dispersion of CFs. The observation of these CFs, after the dispersion step, shows a high fiber breakage rate when shear mixing is used, unlike when spatula or ultrasounds methods are used. On the other hand, the characterization of the elaborated composites highlights a correlation between the mixing methods, hence the fiber brakeage, and the measured reflection coefficient (reflection loss) of the composites. As a result, the minimum value of the reflection coefficient is shifted toward the high frequencies when the fiber breakage is observed, suggesting that short CFs absorb at high frequencies while long CFs absorb at low frequencies. Dielectric properties, extracted from the measurement in free space, of composites elaborated with different fiber lengths (3 mm, 6 mm, and 12 mm) confirm that short CFs (3 mm) show maximum losses at high frequencies (around 15 GHz) while long CFs (12 mm) show maximum dielectric losses at low frequencies (below 4 GHz). However, no significant variation is observed on the real part of the relative permittivity, as a function of fiber length, for these porous composites loaded with very low CF rates. A hybrid composite, with a mix of different CF lengths, is prepared and characterized. The simulation of the absorption performance of a pyramidal absorber, based on this hybrid composite, is compared to the one of pyramidal absorber based on composites loaded with a single length of carbon fibers. The pyramidal absorber-based hybrid composite predicts the best absorption performance, especially at the low frequency band. The simulated reflection coefficient of this absorber is less than −12 dB in all the studied frequency range, and less than −40 dB for frequencies higher than 3 GHz. This result confirms the interest of using a mix of carbon fiber lengths to achieve a broadband microwave absorber.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Furthermore, the dispersion of carbon fillers, such as long CFs, in the matrix is another aspect that needs much attention; numerous works were focused on the improvement of this carbon dispersion [21][22][23]. The mechanical techniques are one of the techniques that are used for the CFs dispersion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Carbon Fibers for Microwave Absorption: Effect of Fiber Length on Absorption Frequency Band

et al. 2020

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“…Carbon fibers have been widely used as the mechanical reinforced phases due to their high strength and modulus in composites 16,17 . Especially, SCFs are also employed in composite production to improve mechanical properties 18,19 . Zhang et al 20 found that SCFs can improve the tensile creep behavior of polyetherimide composites at ambient temperature by short/long‐term creep tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 Especially, SCFs are also employed in composite production to improve mechanical properties. 18,19 Zhang et al 20 found that SCFs can improve the tensile creep behavior of polyetherimide composites at ambient temperature by short/ long-term creep tests. However, the mechanical enhancement of nano-TiO 2 and SCFs is inversely limited to the lubricating effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical, bonding and tribological performances of epoxy‐based nanocomposite coatings with multiple fillers

Tian

Tang

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Epoxy nanocomposite coatings play an important role in the wear protection of steel exposed in harsh service environments. How to improve the mechanical and wear resistance of coatings through filler addition is necessary to meet the industry application requirements. In the present paper, an epoxy-based nanocomposite coating was developed with addition of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), graphite, short carbon fibers (SCFs), and zinc sulfide (ZnS) for enhancement in mechanical, bonding to steel, and tribological performances.The reciprocating friction and wear performances of the coatings were investigated at room temperature and 100 C. The addition of nanometer sized TiO 2 and SCFs increased the tensile properties remarkably, while the addition of graphite and ZnS deteriorated the tensile properties. The fillers of graphite and ZnS had no obvious weakening effect on the interfacial shear strength between the coatings and steel, despite the solid lubrication of graphite and weak stiffness of ZnS. Compared with the epoxy sample, the wear rate of the coating filled with optimized filler combination (TTGCS5) was reduced by 19.5 times at room temperature and 25.9 times at 100 C. Addition of ZnS increased the wear resistance more pronounced compared to that of graphite at 100 C, which was attributed to formation of a compact, continuous and stable selflubricating transfer film on the coating surface. The optimized content of fillers was established for an epoxy coating to obtain the best friction rates of 0.51 and 0.56 (10 À4 mm 3 /[NÁm]) at 25 and 100 C, respectively.

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“…For instance, the properties of short fiber reinforced epoxy foam are affected by changing bubbles structure 31,32 . During the tensile test, there is a phenomenon of fiber pulling out, which can prevent crack propagation and improve mechanical properties 33 . In addition, adjusting the formula also helps in improving the mechanical performance of the foam 34 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of expandable epoxy foam prepreg for sandwich composites prepared via thermal expansion molding process

Wei

Zhao

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Thermal expansion molding process (TEMP) is a new technology for integrated molding sandwich composites. However, the development of high-performance expandable foam prepreg limits the scale applications of this technology. In this study, epoxy foam prepreg (M-1) with expandable function was used to prepare foams with different expansion ratios via restricted foaming. Three suitable expansion ratios were determined to prepare foam sandwich composites by analyzing the density, bubble sizes, compressive strength, and expansion pressures of expandable foam. The maximum expansion pressure produced by four, six, and eight times of foam expansion were 251, 160, and 115 kPa, respectively. Tensile test and digital imaging computer technology confirmed that with the increase of foam expansion ratio, the strength decreased, but the plastic deformation ability increased. Failure modes such as foam matrix fracture, glass fiber mat fracture, and mutual-slipping between the foam matrix and glass fiber mat occur during the stretching process. Finally, the PMI/M-1 foam hybrid sandwich composites with three structures were prepared via the TEMP technology, which verified the feasibility of this technology in forming sandwich composites.expandable foam, expansion pressure, sandwich composites, TEMP technology, tensile properties | INTRODUCTIONFoam sandwich composites are widely applied in automobiles, aerospace, sports, and other fields owing to their light weight and high strength. 1,2 However, high costs and low production tempo of the traditional composite molding

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Short carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy foams with isotropic cellular structure and anisotropic mechanical response produced from liquid foam templates

Cited by 23 publications

References 45 publications

Long Carbon Fibers for Microwave Absorption: Effect of Fiber Length on Absorption Frequency Band

Long Carbon Fibers for Microwave Absorption: Effect of Fiber Length on Absorption Frequency Band

Mechanical, bonding and tribological performances of epoxy‐based nanocomposite coatings with multiple fillers

Preparation and properties of expandable epoxy foam prepreg for sandwich composites prepared via thermal expansion molding process

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