Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Regulation

Magliocca, Giorgia; Mone, Pasquale; Iorio, Biagio Di; Heidland, A.; Marzocco, Stefania

doi:10.3390/ijms23105354

Cited by 54 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…Previous reviews published about the effects of SCFAs on energy metabolism have either focused solely on diet [ 32 ] or on specific diseases related to obesity and metabolic syndrome [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. The aim of this review is to provide an overview and analysis of the variations of SCFAs in feces and blood in obesity and metabolic syndrome and to identify novel ways to approach the monitoring of these diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-Related Changes of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Blood and Feces in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Ilyés

Silaghi

Crăciun

2022

Biology

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Obesity-related illnesses are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Metabolic syndrome has been associated with numerous health issues. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to have multiple effects throughout the body, both directly as well as through specific G protein-coupled receptors. The main SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota are acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are absorbed in varying degrees from the large intestine, with some acting mainly locally and others systemically. Diet has the potential to influence the gut microbial composition, as well as the type and amount of SCFAs produced. High fiber-containing foods and supplements increase the production of SCFAs and SCFA-producing bacteria in the gut and have been shown to have bodyweight-lowering effects. Dietary supplements, which increase SCFA production, could open the way for novel approaches to weight loss interventions. The aim of this review is to analyze the variations of fecal and blood SCFAs in obesity and metabolic syndrome through a systematic search and analysis of existing literature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet-Related Changes of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Blood and Feces in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Ilyés

Silaghi

Crăciun

2022

Biology

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“…Depletion of bacteria responsible for the production of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, in the setting of a disrupted gut microbiome may lead to deleterious effects in the liver and kidney. These SCFAs could promote anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions by limiting neutrophil recruitment, macrophage secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, and histone deacetylase-induced NF-κB activation while promoting anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 formation by T regulatory cells[ 55 ]. Increased availability of SCFA-producing bacteria or SCFA treatment in clinical studies of patients on hemodialysis patients has resulted in lowering inflammatory markers and ameliorating renal function[ 56 , 57 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiologic Pathways Linking Mafld With Ckdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease: Epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment considerations

Theofilis¹,

Vordoni²,

Kalaitzidis³

2022

World J Gastroenterol

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The recently proposed nomenclature change from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has resulted in the reappraisal of epidemiological trends and associations with other chronic diseases. In this context, MAFLD appears to be tightly linked to incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). This association may be attributed to multiple shared risk factors including type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Moreover, similarities in their molecular pathophysiologic mechanisms can be detected, since inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and gut dysbiosis are highly prevalent in these pathologic states. At the same time, lines of evidence suggest a genetic predisposition to MAFLD due to gene polymorphisms, such as the PNPLA3 rs738409 G allele polymorphism, which may also propagate renal dysfunction. Concerning their management, available treatment considerations for obesity (bariatric surgery) and novel antidiabetic agents (glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors) appear beneficial in preclinical and clinical studies of MAFLD and CKD modeling. Moreover, alternative approaches such as melatonin supplementation, farnesoid X receptor agonists, and gut microbiota modulation may represent attractive options in the future. With a look to the future, additional adequately sized studies are required, focusing on preventing renal complications in patients with MAFLD and the appropriate management of individuals with concomitant MAFLD and CKD.

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“…An animal study, using an adenine-induced mouse model of chronic kidney disease (CKD), showed that propionic acids, via FFA2 and FFA3 receptors, inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and significantly reduce serum creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen levels [132]. Another study showed that the key mechanism of SCFAs against acute kidney injury (AKI) is local and systemic reduction of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production through inhibition of LPS-TLR4-induced NF-κB and MAPK inflammatory signaling pathways, which may be related to GPCRs activation and autophagy regulation [133] [134] [135]. In addition, renal anemia is a serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and current erythropoietic and iron supplementation treatments have limitations.…”

Section: Scfas and Urinary Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Chain Fatty Acids-A Healthy Bus between Gut Microbiota and Organs beyond the Gut

Cao¹,

Zeng²,

Li³

et al. 2022

ABB

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The impact of the gut microbiota is not limited to the intestine, but its interaction with the host produces active metabolites, which can be transported by the blood circulation to play important roles in various parts of the body. Among them, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as important active products of gut bacteria, have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and can play active roles as signaling molecules in the development of various intestinal and extraintestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, multiple sclerosis, hypertension, allergic airway disease, obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. In this way, modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolism-active substances has gradually become a popular therapeutic method for many diseases of organs beyond the gut. To find new therapeutic targets for major human health problems, this article reviews the research on SCFAs in extraintestinal diseases.

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Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Regulation

Cited by 54 publications

References 173 publications

Diet-Related Changes of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Blood and Feces in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Diet-Related Changes of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Blood and Feces in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Interplay between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease: Epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment considerations

Short-Chain Fatty Acids-A Healthy Bus between Gut Microbiota and Organs beyond the Gut

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