Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity

Canfora, Emanuel E.; Jocken, Johan W. E.; Blaak, Ellen E.

doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.128

Cited by 1,698 publications

(1,400 citation statements)

References 174 publications

(233 reference statements)

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“…There is accumulating evidence to support the contribution of altered gut microbiota to obesity and diabetes (45), and gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) have been identified as (46). In our study, increased levels of 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid and 2-deoxyribonic acid in DR cases were identified using discovery metabonomic profiling ( Fig.…”

Section: Unique Signatures Of Hydroxy Fatty Acids In Drmentioning

confidence: 71%

Plasma Metabonomic Profiling of Diabetic Retinopathy

et al. 2016

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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of visual impairment in working-age adults. Patients with diabetes often develop DR despite appropriate control of systemic risk factors, suggesting the involvement of other pathogenic factors. We hypothesize that the plasma metabolic signature of DR is distinct and resolvable from that of diabetes alone. A nested populationbased case-control metabonomic study was first performed on 40 DR cases and 40 control subjects with diabetes using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eleven metabolites were found to be correlated with DR, and the majority were robust when adjusted for metabolic risk factors and confounding kidney disease. The metabolite markers 2-deoxyribonic acid; 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid; erythritol; gluconic acid; and ribose were validated in an independent sample set with 40 DR cases, 40 control subjects with diabetes, and 40 individuals without diabetes. DR cases and control subjects with diabetes were matched by HbA 1c in the validation set. Activation of the pentose phosphate pathway was identified from the list of DR metabolite markers. The identification of novel metabolite markers for DR provides insights into potential new pathogenic pathways for this microvascular complication and holds translational value in DR risk stratification and the development of new therapeutic measures.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of visual impairment in working-age adults worldwide (1,2). The global prevalence of diabetes is rising and the number of people with diabetes is projected to increase by 54% in 2030, compared with 2010 (3). The public health burden of diabetes and DR would thus increase correspondingly. The major risk factors of DR are poor glycemic control and hypertension, as well as the duration of diabetes (4,5), but their relative importance varies between studies (2,6). Although the risks of DR progression and vision loss are reduced with intensive control of risk factors (7,8), many patients with diabetes continue to develop complications despite tight glycemic and blood pressure control. There is increasing evidence to suggest that "metabolic memory" is responsible for this observation. The term metabolic memory refers to the persistent epigenetic modifications caused by early exposure to hyperglycemia that, in turn, predispose individuals to the development of diabetes complications even after good glycemic control

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Section: Unique Signatures Of Hydroxy Fatty Acids In Drmentioning

confidence: 71%

Plasma Metabonomic Profiling of Diabetic Retinopathy

et al. 2016

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“…But, for example, is a product a prebiotic if its intake increases microbial production of butyrate? Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate and butyrate, and some other compounds, are recognized as having mechanistic links to health outcomes 28,29 . If the effect is a measurable benefit to host health, distinct from a con trol, it would constitute a 'prebiotic effect' .…”

Section: Prebiotic Effect and Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human milk oligo saccharides (HMOs) are particularly important for the development of the newborn baby's intestinal micro biota and metabolic and immunological systems, which have consequences for health later in life 36,37 . Consumption of mother's milk containing these HMOs clearly increases the proportion of HMO consuming Bifidobacteriaceae and Bacteroidaceae 28 . Bifidobacterium longum subsp.…”

Section: Prebiotic Effect and Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

Gibson

Hutkins

Sanders³

et al. 2017

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

3,959

2,428

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In December 2016, a panel of experts in microbiology, nutrition and clinical research was convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics to review the definition and scope of prebiotics. Consistent with the original embodiment of prebiotics, but aware of the latest scientific and clinical developments, the panel updated the definition of a prebiotic: a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. This definition expands the concept of prebiotics to possibly include non-carbohydrate substances, applications to body sites other than the gastrointestinal tract, and diverse categories other than food. The requirement for selective microbiota-mediated mechanisms was retained. Beneficial health effects must be documented for a substance to be considered a prebiotic. The consensus definition applies also to prebiotics for use by animals, in which microbiota-focused strategies to maintain health and prevent disease is as relevant as for humans. Ultimately, the goal of this Consensus Statement is to engender appropriate use of the term 'prebiotic' by relevant stakeholders so that consistency and clarity can be achieved in research reports, product marketing and regulatory oversight of the category. To this end, we have reviewed several aspects of prebiotic science including its development, health benefits and legislation

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“…Due to inability of both salivary and pancreatic α‐amylase to break down fiber, fiber reaches the colon where they are fermented by colonic bacteria to produce short‐chain fatty acids such as butyrate, acetate, and propionate which have other physiological function such as regulating satiety (Byrne, Chambers, Morrison, & Frost, 2015; McNabney & Henagan, 2017). Butyrate and acetate have been shown to upregulate genes involved in fatty acid oxidation (Canfora, Jocken, & Blaak, 2015), inducing lipolysis in adipocytes (Rumberger, Arch, & Green, 2014), which is important in initiating weight loss in overweight persons.…”

Section: Effect Of Germination or Malting On Nutrients And Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fermentation and germination improve nutritional value of cereals and legumes through activation of endogenous enzymes

Nkhata¹,

Ayua

Kamau

et al. 2018

Food Science & Nutrition

543

287

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Cereals and legumes are outstanding sources of macronutrients, micronutrients, phytochemicals, as well as antinutritional factors. These components present a complex system enabling interactions with different components within food matrices. The interactions result in insoluble complexes with reduced bioaccessibility of nutrients through binding and entrapment thereby limiting their release from food matrices. The interactions of nutrients with antinutritional factors are the main factor hindering nutrients release. Trypsin inhibitors and phytates inherent in cereals and legumes reduce protein digestibility and mineral release, respectively. Interaction of phytates and phenolic compounds with minerals is significant in cereals and legumes. Fermentation and germination are commonly used to disrupt these interactions and make nutrients and phytochemicals free and accessible to digestive enzymes. This paper presents a review on traditional fermentation and germination processes as a means to address myriad interactions through activation of endogenous enzymes such as α‐amylase, pullulanase, phytase, and other glucosidases. These enzymes degrade antinutritional factors and break down complex macronutrients to their simple and more digestible forms.

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Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity

Cited by 1,698 publications

References 174 publications

Plasma Metabonomic Profiling of Diabetic Retinopathy

Plasma Metabonomic Profiling of Diabetic Retinopathy

Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics

Fermentation and germination improve nutritional value of cereals and legumes through activation of endogenous enzymes

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