Short Communication: Immunohistochemical localization of the immune cell marker CD68 in bovine adipose tissue: impact of tissue alterations and excessive fat accumulation in dairy cows

Häußler, Susanne; Germeroth, D.; Laubenthal, L.; Ruda, L.; Rehage, J.; Dänicke, Sven; Sauerwein, H.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.12.005

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although a lipolytic drive and increase in ATM were documented, the authors acknowledged that their feed restriction model was unable to mimic the metabolic stress (e.g., hypoglycemia) experienced postpartum. Another group found low numbers of ATM in postpartum Holstein cows, implying macrophages play a minor role (Häussler et al, 2017). Most recently, the change in ATM throughout the transition period was studied (De Koster et al, 2018), and the authors found increased ATM in cows with high BCS loss supporting an association between ATM infiltration and body fat mobilization in early lactation dairy cows (De Koster et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effect of the transition period and postpartum body weight loss on macrophage infiltrates in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue

Newman

Miller

Yepes

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The transition period in dairy cattle is characterized by a rapid increase in metabolic demands due to the onset of lactation in parallel with a voluntary drop in dry matter intake, which slowly increases compared with the rapidly increasing milk production. The resulting deficit in energy intake is largely met by lipolysis of adipose tissue stores liberating nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) as energy substrates to support milk production and for the synthesis of milk fat. Previous work in cattle and other species has documented an increase in adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) during periods of feed restriction and lipolysis; however, alterations in ATM during the transition period have only recently received interest because of the role that adipose tissue remodeling and inflammation may play during this time. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the number of macrophages in subcutaneous adipose tissue from dairy cattle at multiple time points throughout the transition period. Secondary objectives included the evaluation for potential associations of ATM with changes in body condition score (BCS) and concentrations of circulating NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate. Holstein cows (n = 25) were enrolled in the study 28 d before expected parturition and fed the same prepartum and postpartum rations for ad libitum consumption. On d 10 before expected parturition, and on d 4 and 21 after calving, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken from the paralumbar fossa and preserved in formalin. Paraffinembedded sections of tissue from each of the 25 cows at the 3 time points (total of 75 samples) were labeled with an immunohistochemical marker of macrophages, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1, also known as allograft inflammatory factor 1). The number of Iba1-positive cells, the number of crown-like structures, and the number of immunopositive aggregates were enumerated in each sample. The number of Iba1positive macrophages increased by 60 and 93% on d 4 and 21, respectively, when compared with the average prepartum number. Additionally, cows that lost ≥0.50 points of BCS had a 57 and 52% higher number of ATM on d 4 and 21 postpartum, respectively, when compared with cows that lost ≤0.25 points of BCS. No association was found between ATM numbers and NEFA and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations or milk production in early lactation. Cows experiencing a more pronounced decrease in BCS postpartum had the largest increase in adipose tissue macrophage counts, suggesting that a greater degree of adipose tissue remodeling during the period of greatest nutrient deficit may be associated with higher numbers of ATM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The effect of the transition period and postpartum body weight loss on macrophage infiltrates in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue

Newman

Miller

Yepes

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In this work, we aimed to characterize myeloid cell populations in bovine adipose tissue. In bovines, identification of adipose tissue macrophages has relied on using one [21][22][23][24] or two markers simultaneously 25 . By immunohistochemistry CD68 + cells, CD11b + cells, CD14 + cells and CD11c + cells were previously shown to be present in bovine adipose tissue 21,22 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Myeloid Cellular Populations in Mesenteric and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Holstein-Friesian Cows

Oliveira

Pinto

Correia

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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immune cells resident in adipose tissue have important functions in local and systemic metabolic homeostasis. Nevertheless, these immune cell populations remain poorly characterized in bovines. Recently, we described diverse lymphocyte subpopulations in adipose tissue of Holstein-Friesian cows. Here, we aimed at characterising myeloid cell populations present in bovine adipose tissue using multicolour flow cytometry, cell sorting and histochemistry/immunohistochemistry. Macrophages, CD14 + CD11b + MHc-ii + CD45 + cells, were identified in mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissue, though at higher proportions in the latter. Mast cells, identified as SSC-A high CD11b −/+ CD14 − MHcii − CH138A − CD45 + cells, were also observed in adipose tissue and found at higher proportions than macrophages in mesenteric adipose tissue. Neutrophils, presenting a CH138A + CD11b + phenotype, were also detected in mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissue, however, at much lower frequencies than in the blood. Our gating strategy allowed identification of eosinophils in blood but not in adipose tissue although being detected by morphological analysis at low frequencies in some animals. A population not expressing CD45 and with the CH138A + CD11b − MHc-ii − phenotype, was found abundant and present at higher proportions in mesenteric than subcutaneous adipose tissue. The work reported here may be useful for further studies addressing the function of the described cells.www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ colour-flow cytometry revealed the presence of CD14 + cells, CD172a + cells, CD11c + cells and CD163 + cells in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue 23,24 . Recently, Aylward et al. 25 reported the presence of CD172a + CD11b + cells, CD11c + MHC-II + cells, and CD11b + CD11c + cells in mesenteric adipose tissue. However, these markers are not exclusive to macrophages but common to other myeloid cell populations or can be even expressed in non-hematopoietic cells. As an example, studies in humans and mice have shown that CD14 can be expressed in non-myeloid cells 26 such as preadipocytes 27 and epithelial cells 28 . Also, CD172a is expressed by granulocytes such as eosinophils 29 and mast cells 30 beside its expression in monocytes/ macrophages. Since mast cells 31,32 and eosinophils 3,33 have already been described in adipose tissue, single markers analysis limits the interpretation of the data. Therefore, to characterize the different myeloid cell populations in bovine adipose tissue we used a multicolour flow cytometry panel associated with cell sorting and histochemistry/immunohistochemistry analysis. Our strategy allowed identification and isolation of macrophages, mast cells and neutrophils with macrophages being observed at different proportions in mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). We also showed that CD45 negative cells represent more than 40% of all the cells in the adipose tissue SVF of MAT. A non-leukocyte populat...

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“…The type, degree, and duration of leukocyte migration and infiltration is interdependent on the type of physiological or pathological change occurring in the adipose tissue [62, 63]. Current knowledge indicate that in dairy cattle, differences in immune cell infiltration in adipose tissue seem to be affected by stage of lactation [65–67], body condition score [68, 69] and the presence, degree and underlying cause (dietary, physiological or pathological) of a positive or negative energy balance [64, 66, 67, 69, 70].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of prior diets, dietary transition and pregnancy on adipose gene expression in dairy heifers

et al. 2019

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Adipose tissue is highly involved in whole-body metabolism and is the main site for lipid synthesis, storage and mobilization in ruminants. Therefore, knowledge about adipose tissue responses to different diets is important, especially in growing heifers as the feeding regimes of replacement heifers affect their future success as dairy cows. However, at gene expression level such knowledge is limited. As part of a larger feed trial, adipose tissue biopsies from 24 Norwegian Red heifers were collected at 12 months of age (12MO) and at month seven of gestation (PREG) and analyzed by next-generation mRNA sequencing. Between these two sampling points, all heifers had gone through a successful conception and a feed change from four dietary treatments of high or low energy (HE/LE) and protein (HP/LP) content (treatments LPHE, HPHE, LPLE and HPLE) to a low-energy, low-protein pregnancy feed given to all animals. Gene expression differences between different feed treatments at 12MO are described in an earlier publication from our group. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the long-term effects of diets differing in protein and energy density level on gene expression in adipose tissue of growing replacement dairy heifers. To achieve this, we examined the post-treatment effects between the treatment groups at month seven of gestation; 6 months after the termination of experimental feeding, and the long-term gene expression changes occurring in the adipose tissue between 12MO and PREG. Post-treatment group comparisons showed evidence of long-term effects of dietary treatment on adipose gene expression. Differences between protein treatments were smaller than between energy treatments. Adipose gene expression changes from 12MO to PREG were much larger for the HE than the LE treatments and seemed to mostly be explained by the characteristics of the diet change. 97 genes displayed a unidirectional expression change for all groups from 12MO to PREG, and are considered to be treatment-independent, possibly caused by pregnancy or increased age. This study provides candidate genes and key regulators for further studies on pregnancy preservation (TGFB1, CFD ) and metabolic regulation and efficiency (PI3K, RICTOR, MAP4K4,) in dairy cattle.

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Short Communication: Immunohistochemical localization of the immune cell marker CD68 in bovine adipose tissue: impact of tissue alterations and excessive fat accumulation in dairy cows

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

The effect of the transition period and postpartum body weight loss on macrophage infiltrates in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue

The effect of the transition period and postpartum body weight loss on macrophage infiltrates in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue

Characterization of Myeloid Cellular Populations in Mesenteric and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Holstein-Friesian Cows

Long-term effects of prior diets, dietary transition and pregnancy on adipose gene expression in dairy heifers

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