Short communication: Probiotic induction of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 production by macrophages is modulated by co-stimulation with microbial components

Abstract

Probiotic lactobacilli stimulate macrophages and dendritic cells to secrete cytokines and thereby regulate the immune responses of the host. The balance of the IL-10 and IL-12 production induced by a probiotic is crucial for determining the direction of the immune response. In the present study, we examined the ability of microbial components to modify IL-10 and IL-12 production induced by a popular probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS), which itself predominantly induces IL-12 production. Microbial ligands for toll-like receptor (TLR)3 and TLR5 further enhanced the IL-12 induction by LcS, whereas ligands for TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 converted the cytokine production pattern from IL-12 predominant to IL-10 predominant. These results indicate that the probiotic induction of IL-10 and IL-12 production can be flexibly modified by co-stimulation with microbial components. This could explain the variety of immunomodulatory functions (immunoactivation or anti-inflammation) exerted by this probiotic strain.

Evaluation of Immunomodulatory Activities of the Heat-Killed Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus casei IMAU60214 on Macrophages In Vitro

“…It is recognized that cellular components derived from probiotics interact via PRRs, including NOD-like receptors and the family of TLRs, which can modulate cytokine production [59]. It has been reported that TLR2 is involved in the secretion of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to probiotic strains [60,61]. We demonstrated that the mechanism responsible for macrophage activation by heat-killed probiotic bacteria is TLR2-dependent, blocking antibody treatments and showing that L. casei IMAU60214 acted as a TLR2 agonist in macrophages, in accordance with a recent investigation demonstrating immune regulation through TLR2/TLR6 signaling in response to LAB [62].…”

Dietary deoxynivalenol and oral lipopolysaccharide challenge differently affect intestinal innate immune response and barrier function in broiler chickens1

“…For instance, TGFB1 expression has been related to immunological tolerance towards microbial compounds, including short-chain fatty acids, lactic acid, surface proteins of lactobacilli, peptidoglycan-derived neuropeptides, and histamine (Kashiwagi et al, 2015;Bauché and Marie, 2017;Ihara et al, 2017). Accordingly, decreasing jejunal IL8 and IL10 expression might be associated with the DON-related decreased TLR2 expression and thus with changes in the microbiota composition (Cotton et al, 2016;Kaji et al, 2018).…”

Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma has prebiotic effects on gut microbiota in mice

“…(2020) 10:2926 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59756-z www.nature.com/scientificreports www.nature.com/scientificreports/ Kaji et al 66 have shown that bacterial ligands for Tlr2, Tlr4, and Tlr9 may convert the cytokine production pattern from predominantly pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory, indicating that probiotic induction of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines can be modified by co-stimulation with microbial components; an effect that has also been observed in monocytes 67 and in dendritic cells 68 . The kind of response (either pro-or anti-inflammatory) further depends on TLR compartmentalization in the cell.…”