Short communication: Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and association with pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute and recovered anorexia nervosa

Keeler, Johanna Louise; Patsalos, Olivia; Chung, Raymond T.; Schmidt, Ulrike; Breen, Gerome; Treasure, Janet; Himmerich, Hubertus; Dalton, Bethan

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.03.031

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Dysregulation of the inflammatory system characterizes autoimmune diseases and AN, with an increase of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In the latter, an alteration of the neurotrophic system is also observed 77 . All the cases described above, support the hypothesis of common pathophysiology between autoimmune diseases and eating disorders, which represent a mutual alert and each confers an increased risk for the other 78 .…”

Section: The Shared Immunological Pathways Of Autoimmune and Eating D...supporting

confidence: 73%

“…In the latter, an alteration of the neurotrophic system is also observed. 77 All the cases described above, support the hypothesis of common pathophysiology between autoimmune diseases and eating disorders, which represent a mutual alert and each confers an increased risk for the other. 78 During the COVID‐19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in the number of cases of AN 79 , 80 , 81 and also in the development of autoimmune phenomena.…”

Section: The Shared Immunological Pathways Of Autoimmune and Eating D...mentioning

confidence: 56%

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Anorexia nervosa and autoimmune comorbidities: A bidirectional route?

et al. 2022

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Immunological dysfunctions in eating disorders have recently gained increasing scientific attention. Furthermore, the reciprocal association between anorexia and autoimmune diseases is of particular interest and suggests a role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa (AN) and autoimmune diseases are linked by a bidirectional relationship based on common immunopathological mechanisms. In this review, in addition to reporting the numerous cases described in which autoimmune disorders are associated with anorexia or vice versa, we summarize the many aspects of this relationship between the immune system (IS) and AN. We describe how the microbiota affects the IS, disrupts gut‐brain communication, and possibly triggers eating disorders. We also describe the shared immunological pathways of autoimmune and eating disorders and in particular the occurrence of disrupted T cell tolerance and autoantibodies in AN. The described observations represent the starting point for possible, future research directions.

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Section: The Shared Immunological Pathways Of Autoimmune and Eating D...supporting

confidence: 73%

Section: The Shared Immunological Pathways Of Autoimmune and Eating D...mentioning

confidence: 56%

Anorexia nervosa and autoimmune comorbidities: A bidirectional route?

et al. 2022

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“…These inflammatory mediators can further mediate changes in the intestinal flora and disturbances in their metabolites, affecting brain function and depression. Estrogen deficiency can cause depression-like behavior, and Huang et al (44) found in their experiments that estrogen deficiency-induced depression was associated with intestinal flora imbalance and inflammatory response in mice undergoing ovariectomy (OVX), where intestinal flora imbalance caused (45). There is growing evidence that modulation of BDNF expression levels can exert antidepressant effects (46)(47)(48), where BDNF-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling is one of the most attractive signaling pathways for the treatment of depression (49,50).…”

Section: Intestinal Flora Dysbiosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estrogen deficiency can cause depression-like behavior, and Huang et al ( 44 ) found in their experiments that estrogen deficiency-induced depression was associated with intestinal flora imbalance and inflammatory response in mice undergoing ovariectomy (OVX), where intestinal flora imbalance caused leaky gut and central inflammation (downregulation of COX-2 expression) to suppress BDNF expression in hippocampal neurogenesis, resulting in depressive behavior in OVX mice. BDNF is a neuroprotective molecule that plays a key role in neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, learning and memory ( 45 ). There is growing evidence that modulation of BDNF expression levels can exert antidepressant effects ( 46 – 48 ), where BDNF-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling is one of the most attractive signaling pathways for the treatment of depression ( 49 , 50 ).…”

Section: Cyclo-oxygen-ase-2 Roles In the Pathogenesis Of Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology of cyclooxygenase-2: An application in depression therapeutics

Han

Liao

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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Depressive Disorder is a common mood disorder or affective disorder that is dominated by depressed mood. It is characterized by a high incidence and recurrence. The onset of depression is related to genetic, biological and psychosocial factors. However, the pathogenesis is still unclear. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of research on the inflammatory hypothesis of depression, in which cyclo-oxygen-ase 2 (COX-2), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is closely associated with depression. A variety of chemical drugs and natural products have been found to exert therapeutic effects by modulating COX-2 levels. This paper summarizes the relationship between COX-2 and depression in terms of neuroinflammation, intestinal flora, neurotransmitters, HPA axis, mitochondrial dysfunction and hippocampal neuronal damage, which can provide a reference for further preventive control, clinical treatment and scientific research on depression.

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“…Oxidative stress, along with the production of cytokines, chemokines, and other secondary messengers, is the underlying cause of neuroinflammation. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines positively correlate with the levels of neurotrophic factors [ 5 ]. Regulated inflammatory processes are important for maintaining tissue homeostasis and proper functioning, and extensive inflammation can lead to additional cell injury [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus (Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents

Sharma,

2023

Nutrients

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Cordyceps, also known as “zombie fungus”, is a non-poisonous mushroom that parasitizes insects for growth and development by manipulating the host system in a way that makes the victim behave like a “zombie”. These species produce promising bioactive metabolites, like adenosine, β-glucans, cordycepin, and ergosterol. Cordyceps has been used in traditional medicine due to its immense health benefits, as it boosts stamina, appetite, immunity, longevity, libido, memory, and sleep. Neuronal loss is the typical feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) (Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)) and neurotrauma. Both these conditions share common pathophysiological features, like oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and glutamatergic excitotoxicity. Cordyceps bioactives (adenosine, N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine, ergosta-7, 9 (11), 22-trien-3β-ol, active peptides, and polysaccharides) exert potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities and display beneficial effects in the management and/or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders in vitro and in vivo. Although a considerable list of compounds is available from Cordyceps, only a few have been evaluated for their neuroprotective potential and still lack information for clinical trials. In this review, the neuroprotective mechanisms and safety profile of Cordyceps extracts/bioactives have been discussed, which might be helpful in the identification of novel potential therapeutic entities in the future.

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Short communication: Serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and association with pro-inflammatory cytokines in acute and recovered anorexia nervosa

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Anorexia nervosa and autoimmune comorbidities: A bidirectional route?

Anorexia nervosa and autoimmune comorbidities: A bidirectional route?

Biology of cyclooxygenase-2: An application in depression therapeutics

Unique Bioactives from Zombie Fungus (Cordyceps) as Promising Multitargeted Neuroprotective Agents

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