Short heat stress as an immunostimulant in chicks

Ed, Heller; Db, Nathan; Perek, M.

doi:10.1080/03079457908418345

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the stress response followed by development of the gastrointestinal ulcers in mammals has been known for a very long time (SELYE, 1936), and has been widely used in experimental pathology and especially pharmacology for investigations concerning the etiology, pathogenesis and therapy of PUD (PARB and GLAVIN, 1986;TAKEUCHI et al, 1986) it is interesting that stress induced gizzard erosions as experimental model were not described. Temperature aberations (hot and cold environment) were used mainly for investigations of stress effects on immune response (SUBBA RAO and GLICK, 1970;HELLER et al, 1979) and chicken performance (MUIRURI and HARRISON, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Induced Gizzard Erosion in Chicks

Grabarević

Tišljar

Džaja

et al. 1993

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary A model of stress induced gizzard erosions is described. Three day old chickens were deprived of food for 24 h, and after that they were immersed in tap water (17°C) for five seconds. Group A was sacrificed immediately before being subjected to stress, group B one hour, group C two hours and group D three hours after water immersion stress. Each group consisted of 10 animals. Gizzard lesions in group A were very mild and the main feature was discoloration of the gizzard lining. In groups B, C, and D the lesions were more severe and they were characterised by gizzard erosions, ulcerations and hemorrhages especially pronounced in group D. This model produced lesions in all stressed animals.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Induced Gizzard Erosion in Chicks

Grabarević

Tišljar

Džaja

et al. 1993

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thaxton et al (1968) were the first to demonstrate that high environmental temperature (44.4 to 47.8 °C) affects the development of specific immune responses in young chickens. These effects include the suppression of circulating white blood cells (Heller et al 1979) and an increase in H/L ratio (Mogenet and Youbicier-Simo 1998), which is an indicator of stress (Gross and Siegel 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Vitamins C and E Dietary Supplementation on Leukocyte Profile of Layer Hens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature and Humidity

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A 30-day experiment involving 720 White Leghorn layer hens was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamins C and E on leukocyte and heterophil/lymphocytes ratios of the layer hens during the natural summer conditions. The birds were divided into 4 groups, one control with basal diet and three experimental with diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E, or combination of both vitamins. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups. Exposure of layer hens to 31 ± 3 °C and 33 ± 0 °C ambient temperature and 84.6% and 81.5% relative humidity during the experiment caused an increase in the value of temperature humidity index of 15.5 above the threshold value of 70 established for this species. Total white blood cells, lymphocytes, and eosinophil levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in all treated groups compared to control. Similarly, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios of 0.51, 0.52, and 0.50 for groups with diet supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamins C + E, respectively, were significantly (p < 0.001) lower compared to 0.59 recorded in the control group. However, heterophil, basophil and monocyte values were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the control group compared to all treated groups. The results of the present study showed that dietary supplementation of vitamins C and E, or their combination, reduces the harmful effect of high ambient temperature and humidity on the leukocyte indicators of exposed layer hens, thereby alleviating the stress imposed on their thermoregulatory mechanism and physiological status. Heat stress, antioxidant vitamins, white blood cells, laying birdsAll over the world, farmers have to solve a problem of heat stress in poultry during the summer period. Global warming as a result of increased industrialization and environmental degradation has led to continuous increase in ambient temperature, thereby making heat stress a major problem of livestock farming, particularly in the poultry sector (Daghir 2009). This is because poultry are particularly sensitive to high ambient temperature (AT), more than to cold. Heat stress interferes with the birds' comfort and suppresses production efficiency. In birds, high ambient temperature leads to increased endogenous heat production, since convective transfer of heat is the major thermoregulatory mechanism of birds and depends on air movement by natural or fan-powered ventilation (Shane 2005). As a response, birds have to make major thermo-regulatory adaptations to prevent death from heat exhaustion. As a result, the genetic potential of layer hens is often compromised (Holik 2009). The responses of poultry to high ambient temperatures have been studied several times, but the effect of relative humidity (RH) on intensifying or modifying these responses has received little attention. Relative humidity is rarely included as an experimental variable or measured for information purposes. Such information is important because in poultry-producing regions high temperature can often be accompanied by a range of RH, which can marked...

show abstract

“…Heat stress also reportedly causes a reduction in antibody production in young chickens (Zulkifi et al 2000). On the other hand, Donker et al (1990) found that heat exposure did not reduce antibody production, rather, significantly increased antibody titers were observed following heat exposure (Heller et al 1979). The difference in these findings could be associated with age and breed.…”

Section: Immune Response and Endocrine Systemmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Thaxton et al (1968) demonstrated that high environmental temperatures (44.4-47.8°C) affect the development of specific immune responses in young chickens. These effects include the suppression of circulating white blood cells (Nathan et al 1976;Heller et al 1979) and an increase in the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio) (Mogenet and Youbicier-Simo 1998), which are indicators of stress (Gross and Siegel 1983). Heat stress also reportedly causes a reduction in antibody production in young chickens (Zulkifi et al 2000).…”

Section: Immune Response and Endocrine Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

Heat Stress Impact on Livestock Production

Daramola¹,

Abioja²,

Onagbesan³

2012

Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effects of heat stress on several aspects of animal production are well documented. Heat stress results from the animal's inability to dissipate sufficient heat to maintain homeothermy. High ambient temperature, relative humidity, and radiant energy compromise the ability of animals to dissipate heat. As a result, there is an increase in body temperature, which in turn initiates compensatory and adaptive mechanisms to re-establish homeothermy and homeostasis. Heat stress could affect animal production and well-being, especially because of increase in air temperature. Heat stress is very common and on the increase particularly in the tropics. There is considerable research evidence that shows significant decline in animal performance when subjected to heat stress. Heat stress inflicts heavy economic losses on livestock production. The effects of heat stress is evident in feed consumption, production efficiency in terms of milk yield or weight gain per unit of feed energy, growth rate, egg production, and reproductive efficiency. The physiologic mechanisms underlying the action of heat stress on the decline of production performance of domestic animals have not been fully investigated. Heat stress requires further investigation, and the elucidation of the mechanisms may facilitate adoption of comprehensive preventive and control measures to combat heat stress in domestic animals. This chapter examines heat stress and its negative impacts on livestock production. It elucidates the general negative effects of heat stress on physiologic and production parameters of domestic livestock. The mechanisms involved when animals are subjected to heat stress and impacts of heat stress on domestic animals are emphasized. An understanding of these mechanisms may result in the development of improved techniques for enhancing livestock productivity in tropical environments.

show abstract

Short heat stress as an immunostimulant in chicks

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Stress Induced Gizzard Erosion in Chicks

Stress Induced Gizzard Erosion in Chicks

Impact of Vitamins C and E Dietary Supplementation on Leukocyte Profile of Layer Hens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature and Humidity

Heat Stress Impact on Livestock Production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About