Short latency facilitation between pairs of threshold magnetic stimuli applied to human motor cortex

Tokimura, Hiroshi; Ridding, Michael C.; Tokimura, Yoshika; Amassian, Vahé E.; Rothwell, John C.

doi:10.1016/0924-980x(96)95664-7

Cited by 271 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The excitatory and inhibitory circuits of the contralateral M1 were studied using a paired-pulse TMS paradigm. We studied SICI and intracortical facilitation (ICF) (Kujirai et al 1993), LICI (Valls-Solé et al 1992;Wassermann et al 1996), and SICF (Tokimura et al 1996;Ziemann et al 1998) in 9 of the 12 subjects. In this experiment, TMS was applied to the right M1, the contralateral hemisphere of the QPS, and MEPs were recorded from the left M1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of the motor cortical quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS) on the contralateral motor cortex and interhemispheric interactions

Tsutsumi

Hanajima

Terao

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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. Effects of the motor cortical quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS) on the contralateral motor cortex and interhemispheric interactions. J Neurophysiol 111: 26 -35, 2014. First published October 9, 2013 doi:10.1152/jn.00515.2013.-Corpus callosum connects the bilateral primary motor cortices (M1s) and plays an important role in motor control. Using the paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm, we can measure interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) and interhemispheric facilitation (IHF) as indexes of the interhemispheric interactions in humans. We investigated how quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS), one form of repetitive TMS (rTMS), on M1 affects the contralateral M1 and the interhemispheric interactions. QPS is able to induce bidirectional plastic changes in M1 depending on the interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of TMS pulses: longterm potentiation (LTP)-like effect by QPS-5 protocol, and long-term depression-like effect by QPS-50, whose numbers indicate the ISI (ms). Twelve healthy subjects were enrolled. We applied QPS over the left M1 and recorded several parameters before and 30 min after QPS. QPS-5, which increased motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by left M1 activation, also increased MEPs induced by right M1 activation. Meanwhile, QPS-50, which decreased MEPs elicited by left M1 activation, did not induce any significant changes in MEPs elicited by right M1 activation. None of the resting motor threshold, active motor threshold, short-interval intracortical inhibition, longinterval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, and shortinterval intracortical inhibition in right M1 were affected by QPS. IHI and IHF from left to right M1 significantly increased after left M1 QPS-5. The degree of left first dorsal interosseous MEP amplitude change by QPS-5 significantly correlated with the degree of IHF change. We suppose that the LTP-like effect on the contralateral M1 may be produced by some interhemispheric interactions through the corpus callosum.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SICF was examined at an ISI of 1.3, 1.5, or 1.7 ms (Hanajima et al 2002;Tokimura et al 1996;Ziemann et al 1998). The intensity of the first stimulus (TS) was adjusted to elicit MEPs of ϳ0.5 mV in the relaxed left FDI, and the second stimulus (CS) intensity was set at 90% AMT.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the motor cortical quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS) on the contralateral motor cortex and interhemispheric interactions

Tsutsumi

Hanajima

Terao

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Tokimura et al, 1996;Ziemann et al, 1998). This was investigated in two cases (CS14 and CS17), with recording from the rostral spinal cord electrode (C3).…”

Section: Investigation Into the Detailed Time Course Of F5-evoked Facmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macaque ventral premotor cortex exerts powerful facilitation of motor cortex outputs to upper limb motoneurons.

Shimazu¹,

Maier

Cerri³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

272

205

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“…Although sub maximal electrically evoked fatigue tests are undoubtedly more acceptable to subjects (Narici et al 1997 First dorsal interosseous (FDI) responses are facilitated by twin, near-threshold pulses at 1'2 ms intervals by magnetic, but not by focal anodic stimulation of motor cortex (Tokimura et al 1996). This lack of facilitation was attributed to refractoriness of corticospinal fibres to direct electrical stimulation.…”

Section: School Of Sport and Exercise Sciences University Of Birmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Physiology

1998

The Journal of Physiology

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Physiology, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PTRecently, we have reported that repeated pairings of exercise and external added dead space elicited an augmentation of the exercise ventilatory response in subsequent trials of exercise only (Turner, 1997). The excessive ventilation led to a greater relative hypocapnia post-conditioning. The changes in P a ,e0 2 regulation that occur following repeated pairings of exercise and inspiratory resistive loading are reported here for comparison, Breath by breath recordings for inspired ventilatory variables and end-tidal CO 2 partial pressure (P ET ,e0 2 , mmHg) were measured at rest and for the first 120 sand then after 300 s of cycling exercise (60-80 W; 80 r.p.m.) in six subjects (two females) . Arterial P eo , was estimated fromvalues. On a first visit, each subject undertook two trials of rest and exercise (Pre). On a subsequent day (> 4 days later), each subject undertook ten trials of exercise with added inspiratory resistive loading (5 mm diameter and 100 mm long tube; a type of associative conditioning). One hour following the last conditioning trial, each subject undertook two trials of rest and exercise with no inspiratory resistive loading (Post1 and Post2). Subjects breathed room air at all times and all trials were separated by 20 min unencumbered rest. Ethical approval was obtained for this study. The hypocapnia lasted significantly longer postconditioning (21 ± 5 vs. 11 ± 3 breaths; Post1 vs. Pre; mean ± S.E.M.; Wilcoxon's paired sign rank test, P < 0'05).Journal of Physiology (1998) 506.PThe relative cumulative hypocapnia index was -12 ± 7 for the Pre trials (arbitrary units, a.u. In a companion study, we have reported that associative conditioning involving explicit pairing of exercise with inspiratory resistive loading elicited an augmentation of the exercise ventilatory response in subsequent trials of exercise only. This effect was manifest as a greater relative cumulative hypocapnia index (Hughes et al. 1998). The changes in respiratory pattern that may cause the change in ventilatory control following conditioning are reported here. Journal of Physiology (1998) 506.P Breath by breath recordings for inspired ventilatory variables such as tidal volume (VT' ml; body temperature and pressure saturated) and breathing frequency (fR' min -1) were measured at rest and for the first 120 s and then after 300 s of cycling exercise (60-80 W; 80 r.p.m.) Increased muscle O 2 utilization (Qm0 2 ) during exercise has been proposed to be triggered by increased rates of highenergy phosphate bonds splitting. Although various tissue respiratory control models have been suggested (Meyer & Foley, 1996), much of the control detail remains to be elucidated. Our understanding of these mechanisms in humans is currently limited by the inability to determine the kinetics of the putative intramuscular control components (e.g. (Barstow et al. 1994) and with sufficiently high resolution (McCreary et al. 1996).We therefore developed a technique for remote breath-bybreath gas exch...

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Short latency facilitation between pairs of threshold magnetic stimuli applied to human motor cortex

Cited by 271 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of the motor cortical quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS) on the contralateral motor cortex and interhemispheric interactions

Effects of the motor cortical quadripulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (QPS) on the contralateral motor cortex and interhemispheric interactions

Macaque ventral premotor cortex exerts powerful facilitation of motor cortex outputs to upper limb motoneurons.

Human Physiology

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