Short report: isolation and identification of two spotted fever group rickettsial strains from patients in Catalonia, Spain.

Cardeñosa, Neus; Roux, Véronique; Font, Bernat; Sanfeliú, Isabel; Raoult, Didier; Segura, Ferrán

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.142

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The fact that two members of spotted fever group rickettsiae were found in the same patient should not be surprising, considering that they could share the same vector (13,15,18). Both microorganisms found in our patient are present in our country (8,9,(16)(17)(18). In addition, R. sibirica subsp.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

“…On the other hand, MSF, endemic in our area, could be also possible, considering the contact with an infested dog and the exanthema. These symptoms are more typical of MSF and less frequent in TIBOLA (1,8,9). However, the exanthema is generally extended throughout the body in most MSF clinical cases, whereas it was observed only in the upper extremities of our patient.…”

mentioning

confidence: 39%

“…However, the exanthema is generally extended throughout the body in most MSF clinical cases, whereas it was observed only in the upper extremities of our patient. In addition, fever and high levels of transaminases could also suggest a MSF diagnosis (8,9). The patient's condition improved after a regimen with doxycycline.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Coinfection with “Rickettsia sibirica subsp. mongolotimonae” and Rickettsia conorii in a Human Patient: a Challenge for Molecular Diagnosis Tools

et al. 2015

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Rickettsioses are zoonoses transmitted by vectors. More than one agent can coexist in vectors. Although vectors may transmit more than one microorganism to humans, information on dual infections is scarce. We present a case of a patient with an atypical rickettsiosis diagnosis in whom two species of Rickettsia were detected. CASE REPORTA 46-year-old woman was admitted to Bellvitge University Hospital in May with fever (38°C) as well as a retroauricular adenopathy and a subsequent preauricular and lateral cervical adenopathy that had lasted for 10 days. On examination at admission, she was afebrile and she had a necrotic eschar on the scalp (tache noire), face swelling, and a rash on her upper extremities. Laboratory examination showed normal values, except for the presence of activated lymphocytes and increased levels of alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Testing of the patient's serum for toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus were negative. She reported that she had a dog and she had observed ticks on it recently.Tick-borne lymphadenopathy (TIBOLA) (recently called scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy syndrome [SENLAT]) caused by Rickettsia slovaca was suspected. As a consequence, a regimen of doxycycline (100 mg every 12 h for 4 days) was prescribed. The patient's condition improved. She was discharged 5 days after admission. The patient underwent periodical clinical evaluations for 49 days until her symptoms resolved completely.At admission, an acute-phase serum sample, a blood sample, and a scalp eschar biopsy specimen were collected. Serum was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA).Antibodies against Rickettsia conorii were tested for using a commercial antigen (R. conorii spot; bioMérieux, Marcy l'Étoile, France). Antibodies against R. slovaca were tested for using an R. slovaca antigen kindly provided by the Unité de Rickettsies, Marseille, France. IgG antibodies against R. conorii antigen (titer Ͼ 5,120) were detected, whereas the IFA using R. slovaca antigen was negative. As neither clinical nor epidemiological variables were typical of Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF, whose etiological agent is R. conorii), and IFA for R. slovaca was not positive, a more accurate diagnosis was carried out.DNA was obtained from the whole-blood sample, the scalp eschar biopsy specimen, and the liquid that contained the scalp eschar biopsy specimen. For this purpose, the MasterPure DNA purification kit (Epicentre, Madison, WI) was used. PCR assays targeting the rickettsial genes for the citrate synthase (gltA) and the outer membrane protein A (ompA), were performed (Table 1). For the citrate synthase gene (gltA), primer CS890r and a new primer (CS214_for), designed by our team, were used. For the ompA gene, a real-time PCR was designed by our team using a new pair of primers: Rr190.314 and Rr190.630. In addition, another pair of primers was used (Rr190.70 and Rr190.701). This set of primers amplifies a bigger fragment that includes the on...

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confidence: 39%

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Coinfection with “Rickettsia sibirica subsp. mongolotimonae” and Rickettsia conorii in a Human Patient: a Challenge for Molecular Diagnosis Tools

et al. 2015

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“…In Europe and Africa Rhipicephalus ticks are known to vector other spotted fever group rickettsiae including Rickettsia conorii, the etiologic agent of boutonneuse fever or Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) (18,27,43,44). In addition, R. rhipicephali, a close phylogenetic relative of R. massiliae (30,(53)(54)(55)(56)62) has also been detected in R. sanguineus ticks in Spain (33), Portugal (4), France (22), and the African continent (63).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Identification ofRickettsia massiliaefromRhipicephalus sanguineusTicks Collected in Arizona

Eremeeva

Bosserman

Demma

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

174

107

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Twenty Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in eastern Arizona were tested by PCR assay to establish their infection rate with spotted fever group rickettsiae. With a nested PCR assay which detects a fragment of the Rickettsia genus-specific 17-kDa antigen gene (htrA), five ticks (25%) were found to contain rickettsial DNA. One rickettsial isolate was obtained from these ticks by inoculating a suspension of a triturated tick into monolayers of Vero E6 monkey kidney cells and XTC-2 clawed toad cells, and its cell culture and genotypic characteristics were determined. Fragments of the 16S rRNA, GltA, rOmpA, rOmpB, and Sca4 genes had 100%, 100%, 99%, 99%, and 99%, respectively, nucleotide similarity to Rickettsia massiliae strain Bar29, previously isolated from R. sanguineus in Catalonia, Spain (L. Beati et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:2688-2694, 1996). The new isolate, AZT80, does not elicit cytotoxic effects in Vero cells and causes a persistent infection in XTC-2 cells. The AZT80 strain is susceptible to doxycycline but resistant to rifampin and erythromycin. Whether R. massiliae AZT80 is pathogenic or infectious for dogs and humans or can cause seroconversion to spotted fever group antigens in the United States is unknown.

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“…The usual vector is Rhipicephalus sanguineus, the brown dog tick [1]. This disease is endemic in the Mediterranean area [2] where R. conorii has also been isolated in different studies [3]. However, clinical cases have also been reported in other regions, such as Northern and central Europe, Northern Africa, Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and Asia [1, 4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cats in the eco-epidemiology of spotted fever group diseases

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMediterranean Spotted Fever (MSF), whose etiological agent is R. conorii, is one of the oldest described vector-borne infectious diseases. Although it is endemic in the Mediterranean area, clinical cases have also been reported in other regions. R. massiliae-Bar29 is related to MSF cases. This strain is distributed worldwide. R. conorii and R. massiliae-Bar29 are transmitted by ticks. Dogs are considered the sentinel of R. conorii infection. Cats could also be involved in their transmission. Rickettsia felis, etiological agent of Flea-borne spotted fever, is mainly transmitted by the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis. Up to now, the role of cats in its transmission is not entirely elucidated. The aim of the study is to analyze the infection in cats by these microorganisms.MethodsThe study was undertaken in Northeastern Spain. Twenty municipalities of seven regions participated in the study. 212 cats (pets and stray cats) were analyzed. Variables surveyed were: date of collection, age, sex, municipality, source, living place, outdoor activities, health status, type of disease, contact with other animals, and ectoparasite infestation. Sera were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA). Molecular detection (real-time PCR and sequencing) and cultures were performed on blood samples.ResultsThere were 59 (27.8%) cats seroreactive to one or more microorganisms. Considering cross-reactions, the seroprevalences were 15.6%-19.5% (R. massiliae-Bar29), 1.9%-6.2% (R. conorii), and 5.2%-7.5% (R. felis). A weak association was observed between SFG seropositivity and tick infestation. Ticks found on seropositive cats were Rhipicephalus pusillus, R. sanguineus and R. turanicus. DNA of Rickettsia was detected in 23 cats. 21 of them could be sequenced. Sequences obtained were identical to those sequences of SFG rickettsiae similar to R. conorii and R. massiliae. No amplification of R. felis was obtained.ConclusionsCats can be infected by SFG rickettsiae and produce antibodies against them. Cats may play a role in the transmission cycle of R. conorii and R. massiliae-Bar29, although the role in the R. felis cycle needs further analysis.

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Short report: isolation and identification of two spotted fever group rickettsial strains from patients in Catalonia, Spain.

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Coinfection with “Rickettsia sibirica subsp. mongolotimonae” and Rickettsia conorii in a Human Patient: a Challenge for Molecular Diagnosis Tools

Coinfection with “Rickettsia sibirica subsp. mongolotimonae” and Rickettsia conorii in a Human Patient: a Challenge for Molecular Diagnosis Tools

Isolation and Identification ofRickettsia massiliaefromRhipicephalus sanguineusTicks Collected in Arizona

The role of cats in the eco-epidemiology of spotted fever group diseases

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