Short report: social identification, quality of professional life and emotional maladjustment in healthcare providers during the first wave of the COVID-19 emergency

Caricati, Luca; Cera, Valentina; Panari, Chiara; Bonetti, Chiara; Sollami, Alfonso; Monacelli, Nadia

doi:10.1080/13548506.2022.2099557

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other studies also showed a significant association between stigma and depression, anxiety and psychological distress in COVID-19 HCWs [24,25,39]. Poor mental wellbeing negatively impacts job performance and therewith quality of care [8][9][10][11]. The association between COVID-19 stigmatization and job performance is partially mediated by anxiety [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This poses a threat to public health as early identification and treatment of persons with infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, are crucial to contain the disease, protecting the wider public as well as improving the chances of recovery for the affected individual. In light of stigmatization of HCWs, it can impact the mental health of HCWs [8,9] and can lead to elevated risk for anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and even suicide [10,11]. Compromised mental wellbeing affects job satisfaction and performance and consequently quality and quantity of patient care [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Spruijt,

Cronin,

Udeorji

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) caring for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are at increased risk of being stigmatized, which compromises their individual mental well-being and the quality of care they deliver. Stigma-reduction interventions may (partly) prevent this. However, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the experiences and underlying causes of COVID-19 stigma among HCWs, which is needed to design such interventions. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews to assess COVID-19 stigma among COVID-19 HCWs in Ireland, Nigeria, The Netherlands, Pakistan, and The Philippines. Methods We used a purposive and snowball sampling to recruit a total of 53 HCWs for online interviews (13 in Ireland; 15 in Nigeria; 6 in The Netherlands; 6 in Pakistan; and 13 in The Philippines (2021). After verbatim transcribing interviews, we used a thematic approach for data analysis. Results In all countries, stigmatization of COVID-19 HCWs is driven by fear of infection and the perception of HCWs being carriers of the disease amplified by them wearing of scrubs and personal protective equipment. There were differences between countries in the way stigma manifested in self- anticipated and experienced stigma like scolding, discrimination, avoidance, (self-) isolation, and exclusion in public, in the community, at work, and in the household. The stigma resulted in feelings of depression, loneliness, isolation, and the desire to quit one’s job. Discussion COVID-19 HCWs from all countries experienced all forms of stigmatization related to their work as a COVID-19 frontliner. This affected their mental well-being, which in turn affects job performance and quality of care, there is a high need to develop stigma reduction tools for HCWs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Spruijt,

Cronin,

Udeorji

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…Negative consequences were reportedly experienced by COVID-19 patients with anxiety being the most common, 18,19,23,27,40,43,49,53,58,62,69,86,91 followed by depression, 18,23,32,43,49,53,58,62,69,91 reduction of socialization, 22,37,39,45–47,66,80 fear, 31,45,58,66,76,87,89 distress, 19,52,63,75 anger, 40,50,58,76 mental health disorders, 19,47,58,90 secondary traumatic stress, 30,49 non-disclosure of COVID-19, 35,56 reluctance to test/seek care, 38,47 loss of financial support, 36 loss of accommodation, 46 helplessness, 40 loneliness, 40 burnout, 30 l...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The review findings indicated there were various outcomes experienced by participants, such as anxiety which was the most experienced one, 18,23,27,40,43,49,53,58,62,69,88,91 followed by depression, 18,23,32,43,49,53,58,62,69,91 fear, 31,45,58,66,76,88 anger, 19,40,50,60,76,87,89 mental health disorders, 19,47,49,58,90,91 secondary traumatic stress, 30,53,62,63,76 non-disclosure of COVID-19, 25,35,47,56,80,89 loss of financial support, 36,73,80 burnout, 30 less happiness, 27 insomnia, 27 losing business, 29 changed interpersonal relation, 29,66 psy...…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review

SeyedAlinaghi,

Afsahi,

Shahidi

et al. 2023

SAGE Open Medicine

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Objectives: Stigmatization was reported throughout the COVID pandemic for COVID-19 patients and close contacts. The aim of this systematic review was to comprehensively examine the prevalence and impact of stigmatization during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: English articles were searched using online databases that included PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science up to 24 August 2022. A two-step screening and selection process was followed utilizing an inclusion and exclusion criteria and then data was extracted from eligible articles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist was followed, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Seventy-six studies were eligible for inclusion. Twenty-two studies reported the prevalence of social stigma due to COVID-19 infection with social isolation being the most commonly reported stigma. There were 20 studies that reported the majority of participants experienced stigma due to COVID-19 infection, which was as high as 100% of participants in two studies. Participants in 16 studies reported blaming from others as the second most common type of stigma, with various other types reported such as psychological pressure, verbal violence, avoidance, and labeling. The most common effect of the stigma was anxiety followed by depression, and then reduction of socialization. Conclusion: Findings from the present review have identified that COVID-19-related stigma studies have generally focused on its prevalence, type, and outcome. Greater awareness of this topic may assist with improving public education during pandemics such as COVID-19 as well as access to support services for individuals impacted by stigmatization.

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“…Although the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the central role of promotoras in Latinx communities (e.g., by facilitating access to critically needed services, information, and resources), it has also placed tremendous strain on essential health workers’ health and well-being (Forrest et al, 2021; Moon et al, 2021; Orpinas et al, 2021). The impact of COVID-19 on health care workers includes the risk of experiencing acute stress reaction, vicarious traumatization, and traumatic stress (Benfante et al, 2020; Caricati et al, 2022). Promotoras may be especially vulnerable to the risks health care workers face in several ways.…”

Section: Impact Of Covid-19 On the Latinx Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and the Latinx community: “Promotoras represent a community in pain”.

Marquez¹,

Kazmierski²,

Carballo³

et al. 2023

Journal of Latinx Psychology

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COVID-19 has disproportionately affected the Latinx community, leading to heightened economic instability and increased mortality/morbidity. Frontline community health workers (promotoras) have played an integral role in serving low-income Latinx immigrant communities, disseminating health information to this vulnerable community while also facing heightened risks to their own health and well-being. This study explores the impact of the pandemic on Latinx communities and the promotoras that serve them, examining how the stresses and inequities the pandemic wrought might be mitigated. Promotoras (N = 15, all female) were recruited from a local health agency in Santa Ana, California, and completed a semistructured interview about their experiences during COVID-19. Qualitative analyses demonstrated that the pandemic substantially affected the daily lives both of community members, via economic challenges, limited access to reliable pandemic-related information, and psychological and social stress, and of promotoras, via changes to the nature of their work and psychological and social stress. Promotoras perceived that these harms might be mitigated by providing for economic and material needs in the community and that promotoras can be fortified to continue serving the community through self-care and psychosocial healing practices. According to promotoras, the Latinx community needs economic and material resources to overcome COVID-19-related stressors. Additionally, promotoras may benefit from programming to preserve mental and physical health in the wake of new stressors. Lending greater support to promotoras within the agencies in which they are nested may enable them to be more successful in fulfilling their mission and sustaining their own health.

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Short report: social identification, quality of professional life and emotional maladjustment in healthcare providers during the first wave of the COVID-19 emergency

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Respected but stigmatized: Healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients

Social stigma during COVID-19: A systematic review

COVID-19 and the Latinx community: “Promotoras represent a community in pain”.

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