Short rotation coppice willow in Northern Ireland since 1973: development of the use of mixtures in the control of foliar rust (<i>Melampsora</i> spp.)

McCracken, A. R.; Dawson, W. M.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1998.tb01179.x

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The concept that mixtures can be developed to produce a degree of functional diversity that limits pathogen or pest expansion (Andow 1991;Finckh & Wolfe 1998) has been utilized primarily in annual crops, with little work involving long-term perennial crops (Aluja et al 1997;Docherty & Leather 1997;McCracken & Dawson 1998). Response to uniform or mixed willow plantings of different host genotypes by each member of the complex of pests and pathogens likely to attack this crop will determine the success of mixtures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Peacock

Hunter

Turner

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Planting of willow genotype mixtures for biomass production has been suggested as a non-chemical strategy for pest management. Basic information on spatial dynamics of important insects and pathogens is necessary for the effective deployment of host genotypes in a plantation. In 1998 and 1999 the degree and spatial distribution of damage by Melampsora spp. and Phratora vulgatissima were studied concurrently in a field trial containing monocultures of willow Salix genotypes with different willow rust and beetle susceptibilities, and two design mixtures (random or regular) of three or five genotypes. 2. For both years, there was more rust and beetle damage on plants in monocultures than in mixtures. There were significant differences in the vertical distribution of beetle damage along stems between plantation designs for the 2 years, yet only in 1999 for rust. Rust severity along stems was significantly correlated between leaves, indicating localized spread of disease. In contrast, beetle damage severity along stems was weakly correlated between alternate leaves and leaves farther apart, suggesting beetle movement from tree to tree. 3. In 1998, spatial distribution of rust was aggregated in 67% of plots studied and in 40% for beetles. There was no significant difference in the distribution of beetle damage between planting design, but rust was aggregated in 75% of mixtures and 33% of monocultures. While beetle damage distribution was similar between years, rust was aggregated in all monoculture plots but in only 8% of mixtures in 1999. The difference between years and design for rust was probably because of the later stage of rust development in 1999 and the delaying effect of mixtures on this development. 4. In 1998, there were significant negative correlations between the extent of rust and beetle damage on individual trees. However, only 20% of plots showed a significant spatial dissociation between these two types of damage. There were fewer discernible interactions in 1999. 5. Plantation design provides the basis for integrated control of rust and beetle damage within willow cropping systems by delaying the spread and development of both organisms. Both pest and disease can be assessed successfully simultaneously under field conditions, a major saving in human resources. Initial selection of willow mixture configuration should primarily take into account the effects of spatial design on rust development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Pei, Royle & Hunter 1993), consequently infections of foliar rust arise each season from external sources. The use of genotype mixtures has been suggested in the control of this rust pathogen (Dawson & McCracken 1995;Parker, Arnold & Royle 1996;McCracken & Dawson 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Peacock

Hunter

Turner

et al. 2001

Journal of Applied Ecology

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“…In contrast, host-diversity effects comparable to those in mixtures of small-grain plants have been noted, in some cases, in large plants for both Phytophthora infestans on potato (K. A. Garrett and C. C. Mundt, unpublished data) and Melampsora epitea var. epitea on willow (36). The impact of GUA has been studied experimentally by altering the degree of aggregation of plants of the same genotype.…”

Section: Autoinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology in Mixed Host Populations

Garrett¹,

Mundt²

1999

Phytopathology®

263

213

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Garrett, K. A., and Mundt, C. C. 1999. Epidemiology in mixed host populations. Phytopathology 89:984-990.Although plant disease epidemiology has focused on populations in which all host plants have the same genotype, mixtures of host genotypes are more typical of natural populations and offer promising options for deployment of resistance genes in agriculture. In this review, we discuss Leonard's classic model of the effects of host genotype diversity on disease and its predictions of disease level based on the proportion of susceptible host tissue. As a refinement to Leonard's model, the spatial structure of host and pathogen population can be taken into account by considering factors such as autoinfection, interaction between host size and pathogen dispersal gradients, lesion expansion, and host carrying capacity for disease. The genetic composition of the host population also can be taken into account by considering differences in race-specific resistance among host genotypes, compensation, plant competition, and competitive interactions among pathogen genotypes. The magnitude of hostdiversity effects for particular host-pathogen systems can be predicted by considering how the inherent characteristics of a system causes it to differ from the assumptions of the classic model. Because of the limited number of studies comparing host-diversity effects in different systems, it is difficult at this point to make more than qualitative predictions. Environmental conditions and management decisions also influence hostdiversity effects on disease through their effect on factors such as host density and epidemic length and intensity.

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“…(Cummins and Hiratsuka 2003). These tree species are nowadays used as renewable bioenergy crops in temperate regions, and leaf rust infections can significantly reduce their biomass yield (McCracken and Dawson 1998;Å hman and Wilson 2008;Toome et al 2009Toome et al , 2010 since rusts absorbs the photosynthesis products of the plants (Voegele and Mendgen 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf rust induced volatile organic compounds signalling in willow during the infection

Toome

Randjärv

Copolovici

et al. 2010

Planta

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Plants are known to emit volatile organic compounds (VOC) in response to various biotic or abiotic stresses. Although the VOC emission in the case of insect attacks is well described, there is only little known about the impact of pathogens on plant emission. In the present study, we used a willow-leaf rust system to describe the effects of a biotrophic fungal infection on the VOC emission pattern of willow leaves. We detected that isoprene emissions from rust-infected leaves decreased threefold compared to control. The total monoterpene emissions did not change although a stress-signalling compound (Z)-beta-ocimene showed an increase in infected plants on several days. The infection also increased the emission of sesquiterpenes and lipoxygenase products (LOX) by factors of 175-fold and 10-fold, respectively. The volatile emission signals showed two clear peaks during the experiment. At 6, 7 and 12 days post-infection (dpi), the relative volatile emission signal increased to about sixfold compared to uninfected plants. These time points are directly connected to rust infection since at 6 dpi the first rust pustules appeared on the leaves and at 12 dpi necrosis had developed around several pustules. We present correlations between LOX and sesquiterpene emission signals, which suggest at least two different steps in eliciting the volatile emission.

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Short rotation coppice willow in Northern Ireland since 1973: development of the use of mixtures in the control of foliar rust (Melampsora spp.)

Cited by 49 publications

References 7 publications

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Does host genotype diversity affect the distribution of insect and disease damage in willow cropping systems?

Epidemiology in Mixed Host Populations

Leaf rust induced volatile organic compounds signalling in willow during the infection

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