Short sharp shock produces viable tetraploids in crosses of diploid blue mussels<i>Mytilus edulis</i>

McCombie, Helen; Cornette, Florence; Beaumont, Andy R.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.02273.x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The percentages of tetraploid larvae obtained with the inductors 6-DMAP, heat shock and CB were similar to those reported in the literature (Yang & Guo, 2006a, b;McCombie, Cornette, & Beaumont, 2009;Peachey & Allen Jr., 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Induction to tetraploidy in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Melo

Sühnel

Silva

et al. 2022

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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As an alternative to the use of cytochalasin B (CB), 6-dimethylamino-purine (6-DMAP) and thermal shock (heat shock by increasing the temperature from 25 to 36ºC) could be used to induce tetraploidy in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) diploids. Induction was performed by applying shocks after elimination of the first polar corpuscle at the end of meiosis I. Ploidy rates were verified using flow cytometry. Tetraploid larvae were obtained using all inductor (6-DMAP, thermal shock and CB) treatments. No difference in the efficiency of tetraploidy induction was noted among 6-DMAP, thermal shock and CB. The number of D-larvae and their yield, determined by calculating the percentage of well-formed D-larvae in relation to the total number of larvae, was similar (p > 0.05) among the evaluated induction methods. We suggest that 6-DMAP and thermal shock should be used in tetraploidy induction protocols, thereby avoiding the use of CB, which is a harmful agent for both humans and the environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…As an alternative to CB, this study pioneered the use of 6-DMAP to induce tetraploidy in C. virginica. McCombie et al (2009) induced Mytilus edulis diploids to tetraploidy, applying CB 5 min. after fertilization, obtaining similar results, with the percentage of tetraploid larvae varying from 18 to 60%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction to tetraploidy in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Melo

Sühnel

Silva

et al. 2022

Acta Sci. Anim. Sci.

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“…Inhibiting meiosis I (i.e., polar body I) with chemical or physical treatments has produced viable tetraploids beyond metamorphosis in several species, including the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Scarpa et al 1993), Manila clam Tapes philippinarum (Allen et al 1994), zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri (Yang et al 2000), dwarf clam Mulinia lateralis (Peruzzi and Guo 2002;Yang and Guo 2004), blue mussel Mytilus edulis (McCombie et al 2009), two tropical oysters Crassostrea belcheri and Crassostrea iredalei (Tan et al 2017), and Pacific oysters (Benabdelmouna and Ledu 2015). In general, the number of tetraploid individuals surviving to juvenile stage was low in almost all the studies (Table 1).…”

Section: Inhibition Of Polar Body I Formation (Meiosis I)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetraploid Induction and Establishment of Breeding Stocks for All-Triploid Seed Production

Yang

Scarpa

2019

EDIS

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Triploid-tetraploid breeding technology has been applied to commercial oyster aquaculture worldwide. Triploid oysters are becoming the preferred aquaculture product because of their fast growth, better meat quality, and year-round harvest. Tetraploids are essential for triploid oyster aquaculture because commercial production of all-triploid seed depends on the availability of tetraploids for reproductive materials. This 8-page fact sheet written by Huiping Yang, Ximing Guo, and John Scarpa and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Program in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, conveys basic knowledge about tetraploid induction and breeding to commercial shellfish culturists and the general public. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fa215

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Triploids and beyond: Why Manipulate Ploidy?

Beaumont

Boudry

Hoare

2010

Biotechnology and Genetics in Fisheries and Aquaculture

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An organism's ploidy is the number of copies of each chromosome set that it has. Usually gametes have a single set -they are haploid -and two gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote. However, it is viable for organisms to possess three (triploid), four (tetraploid) or more copies of each chromosome, in which case they are known as polyploids. Polyploidy can happen in nature -one example being hexaploidy in wheatbut it can also be induced. Because the eggs of most fish and shellfish are released into water before fertilisation, it is relatively easy to access the maturation divisions of the egg and the early divisions of the embryo. Such access allows manipulation to create polyploid embryos and can also be used to produce diploid embryos that contain only maternal chromosomes -gynogens, or only paternal chromosomes -androgens. This is one field of biotechnological development in aquaculture that does not have its origin in agriculture, given the difficulty in accessing the egg in agricultural animals and plants.The reader's first question might be: What is the point of ploidy manipulation? The short answer is that by manipulating ploidy, we can produce sterile, unisex, faster growth or highly homozygous cohorts of animals. The aquacultural value of such lines will be discussed later in the chapter; let us first consider the basic principles of ploidy manipulation. In Chapter 1 we gave an outline of the process of meiosis and it will be recalled that there is an initial reduction division (meiosis I) in which the chromosome number is halved, followed by a mitotic-type division (meiosis II) during which these haploid chromosome sets are copied into two daughter cells each. Thus, in males, four haploid spermatozoa are produced from each diploid germ cell. However, in females, both meiosis I and meiosis II produce daughter cells of such very uneven size that the smaller cells (the polar bodies) often do not complete meiosis; therefore, only one haploid egg and two (rarely three) polar bodies are formed from each diploid germ cell. It is not just that fish and shellfish eggs are released into water that makes ploidy manipulation possible, but rather that the meiotic divisions have not been completed when the eggs are spawned. In the case of most molluscs, eggs are released at metaphase of meiosis I. The first polar body has yet to be produced, and an even more convenient feature is that activation by spermatozoa is required before meiosis will proceed. In most fish the eggs are released after meiosis I, with the first polar body present, but further development through meiosis II is again dependent on activation by spermatozoa.

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Short sharp shock produces viable tetraploids in crosses of diploid blue musselsMytilus edulis

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Induction to tetraploidy in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Induction to tetraploidy in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Tetraploid Induction and Establishment of Breeding Stocks for All-Triploid Seed Production

Triploids and beyond: Why Manipulate Ploidy?

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