Short-term and long-term effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum on the copepod Acartia clausi

Frangópulos, Máximo; Guisande, Cástor; Maneiro, Isabel; Riveiro, I.; Franco, José M.

doi:10.3354/meps203161

Cited by 92 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Paralytic shellfish toxins are sodium-ion channel blockers that can cause potent neurotoxic syndromes in humans as well as fish, seabirds and marine mammals (Cembella, 1998;Turner and Tester, 1997;Turner, 2014). Reported effects on copepods offered PST-containing Alexandrium spp., however, range from none to adverse effects on ingestion rate, egg production, egg hatching and offspring development duration (Dutz, 1998;Frangopulos et al, 2000;Guisande et al, 2002). These variations in responses are not related to the overall toxicity of the cells (Teegarden et al, 2008) and raises the question of whether or not the PSP toxins actually function as a grazer deterrents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinctly different behavioral responses of a copepod, Temora longicornis , to different strains of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp.

Hansen

Nielsen

et al. 2017

Harmful Algae

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A B S T R A C TZooplankton responses to toxic algae are highly variable, even towards taxonomically closely related species or different strains of the same species. Here, the individual level feeding behavior of a copepod, Temora longicornis, was examined which offered 4 similarly sized strains of toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp. and a non-toxic control strain of the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum. The strains varied in their cellular toxin concentration and composition and in lytic activity. High-speed video observations revealed four distinctly different strain-specific feeding responses of the copepod during 4 h incubations: (i) the 'normal' feeding behavior, in which the feeding appendages were beating almost constantly to produce a feeding current and most (90%) of the captured algae were ingested; (ii) the beating activity of the feeding appendages was reduced by ca. 80% during the initial 60 min of exposure, after which very few algae were captured and ingested; (iii) capture and ingestion rates remained high, but ingested cells were regurgitated; and (iv) the copepod continued beating its appendages and captured cells at a high rate, but after 60 min, most captured cells were rejected. The various prey aversion responses observed may have very different implications to the prey and their ability to form blooms: consumed but regurgitated cells are dead, captured but rejected cells survive and may give the prey a competitive advantage, while reduced feeding activity of the grazer may be equally beneficial to the prey and its competitors. These behaviors were not related to lytic activity or overall paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) content and composition and suggest that other cues are responsible for the responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinctly different behavioral responses of a copepod, Temora longicornis , to different strains of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp.

Hansen

Nielsen

et al. 2017

Harmful Algae

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“…Traditional frameworks used to examine the grazer-toxic alga relationship, in which effects of the toxic alga are examined only on adult zooplankton (Teegarden and Cembella, 1996;Turner et al, 1998, Teegarden, 1999, Frango´pulos et al, 2000Colin and Dam, 2002a, b;Liu and Wang, 2002) have yielded disparate results partly because of uncertainty as to whether the individuals employed in the experiments came from resistant populations. Furthermore, such studies on adult stages alone are not sufficient to test for grazer resistance against toxic phytoplankton because population fitness was not measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing for resistance of pelagic marine copepods to a toxic dinoflagellate

Colin

Dam

2005

Evol Ecol

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Abstract. With few exceptions, the evolutionary consequences of harmful algae to grazers in aquatic systems remain unexplored. To examine both the ecological and evolutionary consequences of harmful algae on marine zooplankton, we used a two-fold approach. In the first approach, we examined the life history responses of two geographically separate Acartia hudsonica (Copepoda: Calanoida) populations reared on diets containing the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense.

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“…De lo anterior, es factible pensar que a pesar de que N. scintillans se alimenta de G. catenatum, este dinoflagelado no fue un alimento adecuado durante las incubaciones. Frangópulos et al (2000) ha documentado que tanto la fecundidad como la producción de huevos por A. clausi fueron afectados cuando los adultos fueron alimentados con el dinoflagelado productor de toxinas paralizantes Alexandrium minimum por varios días. Estos autores también sugieren que el copépodo al alimentarse llega a un umbral que se autolimita por la asimilación de las toxinas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…It is plausible that, in spite of grazing activity by N. scintillans, G. catenatum is not a good food for this predator under the experimental conditions we used for several days. Frangópulos et al (2000) reported that fecundity and egg production of A. clausi were negatively affected when fed the tener un efecto en las tasas de pastoreo. La cepa utilizada en este trabajo es de las menos tóxicas de otras cepas aisladas de las costas mexicanas (promedio 13 pg STXeq célula -1 ), con un perfil dominado por las toxinas sulfocarbamoil tipo C (Band-Schmidt et al 2010).…”

Section: Interaccion De Noctiluca Scintillans Y Gymnodinium Catenatumunclassified

Grazing of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans on the paralytic toxin-producing dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum: Does grazing eliminate cells during a bloom?

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT. Temperature and nutrient concentrations were measured during a mixed bloom of Noctiluca scintillans and Gymnodinium catenatum in La Paz Bay, Gulf of California. Under laboratory conditions, we offered three concentrations of G. catenatum (312, 625, or 1015 cells mL -1 ) to 0.53 N. scintillans cells mL -1 to study predation rates. Experiments were carried out with 750 mL of culture during a fiveday period. Sea surface temperature clearly showed a transitional period from colder to warmer water during the bloom. RESUMEN. Se monitoreó la temperatura y los nutrientes durante una proliferación de Noctiluca scintillans y Gymnodinium catenatum en la bahía de La Paz, golfo de California. También, bajo condiciones de laboratorio, se mezclaron diferentes concentraciones de G. catenatum (312, 625, o 1015 células mL -1 ) con 0.53 células de N. scintillans mL -1 a fin de evaluar las tasas de pastoreo. La experimentación se llevó a cabo en 750 mL de cultivo durante un periodo de cinco días. La temperatura superficial mostró claramente un periodo de transición de agua fría a caliente durante la proliferación. Las observaciones de campo y las de laboratorio mostraron que N. scintillans se alimentaba de G. catenatum. En el laboratorio, más del 70% de N. scintillans contenía células de G. catenatum en sus vacuolas. La tasas de ingestión variaron ampliamente; los valores más altos variaron de 30 a 40 células de G. catenatum h -1 en cada célula de N. scintillans. No se observó una relación entre las diferentes concentraciones de G. catenatum ofrecidas y la tasa de ingestión. Al final del experimento se observaron tasas de ingestión bajas de 1 a 3 células de G. catenatum h -1 en cada célula de N. scintillans. La concentración de N. scintillans se duplicó aproximadamente cada 48 h; sin embargo, observamos numerosos trofontes saliendo de su cubierta externa, lo cual sugiere que existió daño celular. Estos datos indican que N. scintillans ingiere a G. catenatum pero la presa parece dañar al depredador en un corto plazo.Palabras clave: Gymnodinium catenatum, Noctiluca scintillans, pastoreo, biocontrol, bahía de La Paz.

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Short-term and long-term effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum on the copepod Acartia clausi

Cited by 92 publications

References 30 publications

Distinctly different behavioral responses of a copepod, Temora longicornis , to different strains of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp.

Distinctly different behavioral responses of a copepod, Temora longicornis , to different strains of toxic dinoflagellates, Alexandrium spp.

Testing for resistance of pelagic marine copepods to a toxic dinoflagellate

Grazing of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans on the paralytic toxin-producing dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum: Does grazing eliminate cells during a bloom?

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