Short-term associations between fine and coarse particles and hospital admissions for cardiorespiratory diseases in six French cities

Host, Sabine; Larrieu, Sophie; Pascal, Laurence; Blanchard, Myriam; Declercq, Christophe; Fabre, Pascal; Jusot, Jean-François; Chardon, Benoît; Tertre, Alain Le; Wagner, Vérène; Prouvost, Hélène; Lefranc, Agnès

doi:10.1136/oem.2007.036194

Cited by 138 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…The adverse effects of coarse particles on morbidity and mortality have been documented in several time series studies. [13][14][15] Besides lowering visibility, 16 dust storms can produce harmful effects on respiratory and cardiovascular health, as has been shown in several Asian studies. [17][18][19] The association between dust storm and emergency room visit because of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has not been studied in Hong Kong, a subtropical metropolis in southern China.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Dust Storm Events on Daily Emergency Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases

Tam

Wong

2012

Circ J

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Background: Dust storm is a meteorological phenomenon and dust particles have been suspected as harmful to heart and lungs. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between coarse particles and emergency hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Hong Kong. Methods and Results:Data on mean daily emergency admissions for CVD to major hospitals in Hong Kong, concentrations of air pollutants and meteorological variables from January 1998 to December 2002 were obtained from several government departments. We identified 5 dust storm days during the study period. Independent t-tests were used to compare the mean daily number of admissions on dust storm and non-dust storm days. Case-crossover analysis, using the Poisson regression, was used to examine the effects of coarse particles' concentration on emergency hospital admissions for CVD. A marginally significant increase in emergency hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease (IHD) was found with RR=1.04 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 1.08) per 10 μg/m 3 increase in the concentration of coarse particles. Conclusions:This study demonstrated a marginally significant increase in emergency hospital admissions for IHD on the day of dust storm events in Hong Kong, when the levels of coarse particles were very high. Further studies are required to assess the role of coarse particles on cardiac health. (Circ J 2012; 76: 655 - 660)

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Dust Storm Events on Daily Emergency Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases

Tam

Wong

2012

Circ J

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“…Biogenic emissions were estimated with the BEIS model using hourly temperature and solar radiation as input (Pierce et al, 1998). Emissions were processed to hourly gridded input to CMAQ with the SMOKE model version 2.5 (Houyoux et al, 2000). Over the modeling domain, annual PM 10−2.5 emissions were dominated by the non-point area sector (86 %), and their primary sources include fugitive dust from paved roads, unpaved roads, road construction, residential construction, non-residential construction, and agricultural tilling.…”

Section: Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CMAQ aerosol module represents PM in three lognormal modes: the Aitken ("I" mode) with diameters up to about 0.1 µm, the accumulation ("J" mode) with diameters between 0.1 and 2.5 µm, and coarse particles ("K" mode) having diameters between 2.5 and 10 µm. (Houyoux et al, 2000) were generated using MM5 version 3.7.4 (http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5) with the Pleim-Xiu boundary layer and land surface model (Pleim and Xiu, 2003;Xiu and Pleim, 2001), Kain-Fritsh 2 cumulus parameterization (Kain, 2004), RRTM longwave (Mlawer et al, 1997), Dudhia shortwave (Dudhia, 1989), and Reisner 2 mixed phase moisture schemes (Reisner et al, 1998). Three dimensional analysis nudging was applied only above the boundary layer for moisture and temperature and over the entire vertical atmosphere for winds.…”

Section: Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, recent epidemiological and toxicological studies show that PM 10−2.5 concentrations have been linked to mortality (e.g. Malig and Ostro, 2009;Perez et al, 2008;Zanobetti and Schwartz, 2009) as well as respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity (Branis et al, 2010;Brunekreef and Forsberg, 2005;Host et al, 2008;Sandstrom and Forsberg, 2008;Zhang et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of coarse particulate matter in the western United States: a comparison between observation and modeling

Wiedinmyer

Baker

et al. 2013

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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We provide a regional characterization of coarse particulate matter (PM10–2.5) spanning the western United States based on the analysis of measurements from 50 sites reported in the US EPA Air Quality System (AQS) and two state agencies. We found that the observed PM10–2.5 concentrations show significant spatial variability and distinct spatial patterns, associated with the distributions of land use/land cover and soil moisture. The highest concentrations were observed in the southwestern US, where sparse vegetation, shrublands or barren lands dominate with lower soil moistures, whereas the lowest concentrations were observed in areas dominated by grasslands, forest, or croplands with higher surface soil moistures. The observed PM10–2.5 concentrations also show variable seasonal, weekly, and diurnal patterns, indicating a variety of sources and their relative importance at different locations. The observed results were compared to modeled PM10–2.5 concentrations from an annual simulation using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ) that has been designed for regulatory or policy assessments of a variety of pollutants including PM10, which consists of PM10–2.5 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The model under-predicts PM10–2.5 observations at 49 of 50 sites, among which 14 sites have annual observation means that are at least five times greater than model means. Model results also fail to reproduce their spatial patterns. Important sources (e.g. pollen, bacteria, fungal spores, and geogenic dust) were not included in the emission inventory used and/or the applied emissions were greatly under-estimated. Unlike the observed patterns that are more complex, modeled PM10–2.5 concentrations show the similar seasonal, weekly, and diurnal pattern; the temporal allocations in the modeling system need improvement. CMAQ does not include organic materials in PM10–2.5; however, speciation measurements show that organics constitute a significant component. The results improve our understanding of sources and behavior of PM10–2.5 and suggest avenues for future improvements to models that simulate PM10–2.5 emissions, transport and fate

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“…These factors also influence debate over the relative importance of the PM10-PM2.5 fraction, with some studies showing negligible PM10 contribution 49,50 and others similar or greater PM10 contribution than PM2.5 51,53,58,59 to respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Studies from arid climates suggest that coarse dusts can cause acute respiratory distress and long term fibrotic outcomes 60,61 , while urban studies tend to suggest chronic lung diseases are more strongly associated with PM2.5 62 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-vitro toxicology of respirable iron-rich particles relevant to mining industry: a high throughput framework for interpreting environmental particulate matter toxicity

Prakash¹

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This project investigated the cytotoxicity profiles and toxicological properties of inhalable iron-rich particles generated by mining activity. National Environment Protection Measure (NEPM) ambient air quality regulations specifically regulate sub-10 µm (PM10) and sub-2.5 µm (PM2.5) diameter particle fractions corresponding to thoracic and respirable lung penetration, respectively. However, atmospheric concentrations of fugitive iron-rich particulates in iron ore mining and processing associated settlements raised concerns that NEPM limits may inadequately address the specific toxicological profile of iron-rich PM10 and potentially adsorbed organics in these regions. To address this, comparative cytotoxicity experiments were carried out in-vitro using a variety of particulate standards, featuring other frequently studied metal-oxides, to help bridge in-vivo and epidemiological knowledge in the literature with in-vitro toxicological results. This also required the development of a novel framework to interpret physical and physiological characteristics of coarse, poorly soluble metal-oxide particles by conducting a critical systematic literature review.Analysis by the ChemCentre, WA was taken into account with relation to potentially absorbed organics and the influence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) investigated.The protocols developed by this project are applicable to high-throughput assessment of particulate matter generated by mining activity, having defined methodology to rapidly acquire sufficient quantities of PM10 for assays which can be multiplexed and the effects of particulate interference on assays minimised. This includes the integration of non-destructive sterilisation techniques, physical characterising by particle-sizing, particle solubility analysis and observation of particle morphology by electron microscopy and elemental analysis. Epithelial (A549), fibroblast (LL24) and monocyte differentiated macrophage (U937) cell lines were tested to build a picture of particulate effects on the major lung cell types in the lung parenchyma; the alveolar epithelium, connective tissue and immune system.The effect of lung fluid surfactants on cytotoxicity was determined, and advanced tissue culture methods were trialled to improve the differentiation between particles provided by the endpoints.ii The ore samples from the Mining Area C (MAC), Yandi and Newman Hub mines in the Pilbara region were found to have an effect comparable to the cytotoxicity of micron-size iron oxide standards and selected standards of titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide and carbon black, whereas copper oxide was found to have some ten-fold greater cytotoxicity across the cell lines. However cytotoxicity as a principle differentiator of toxicity was found to be insufficient in differentiating the physiological response to iron-rich PM10 and insoluble metal-oxide standards. At high concentrations the dose-response relationship plateaued at a maximum value for iron-oxide standards and iron ore samples in the A549 and LL2...

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Short-term associations between fine and coarse particles and hospital admissions for cardiorespiratory diseases in six French cities

Abstract: In accordance with other studies, our results indicate that the coarse fraction may have a stronger effect than the fine fraction on some morbidity endpoints, especially respiratory diseases.

Cited by 138 publications

References 48 publications

Effect of Dust Storm Events on Daily Emergency Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases

Effect of Dust Storm Events on Daily Emergency Admissions for Cardiovascular Diseases

Characterization of coarse particulate matter in the western United States: a comparison between observation and modeling

In-vitro toxicology of respirable iron-rich particles relevant to mining industry: a high throughput framework for interpreting environmental particulate matter toxicity

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