“…Although concerns regarding the bioavailability and the extent to which phenols are biologically active have not been completely clarified, − numerous capabilities have been assigned to cocoa flavonoids. Several studies analyzing the biological properties of these molecules have provided considerable supportive evidence of flavonoid’s role in improving vascular functions, preventing related endothelial dysfunctions and diseases, − reducing insulin-resistance indices , (probably as a result of a decrease in insulin secretion), increasing insulin-sensitivity, , contributing to anti-inflammatory reactions, − inhibiting platelet aggregation and activation, − and decreasing blood pressure. ,,− However, a meta-analysis of randomized trials does not confirm the flavonoid effect on systolic blood pressure, whereas a second meta-analysis has found a small but statistically significant effect in lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the short term . Multiple trials have emphasized that cocoa has the ability to change the lipid fraction not only by limiting its oxidation but also by directly altering the lipid profile of plasma, increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) − and reducing LDL ,− , and total cholesterol .…”