Short-Term Effects of Coronary Angiographic Contrast Agents on Thyroid Function

Koroscil, Thomas M.; Pelletier, Peter; Slauson, James W.; Hennessey, James V.

doi:10.4158/ep.3.4.219

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…63 Two studies in Germany and the USA showed that a small proportion of patients who received either coronary angiography or an iodinated CT scan developed subclinical hypothyroidism ~1 week after the exam. 64,65 A Turkish study of 101 patients who underwent coronary angiography found a small increased risk of subclinical hyperthyroidism at up to 8 weeks after the iodine exposure. 66 However, one small study showed that intravenous administration of an iodine contrast agent during pregnancy did not result in a notably increased incidence of fetal thyroid dysfunction.…”

Section: Sources Of Iodine Excessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of excess iodine

2013

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Iodine is a micronutrient that is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. The primary source of iodine is the diet via consumption of foods that have been fortified with iodine, including salt, dairy products and bread, or that are naturally abundant in the micronutrient, such as seafood. Recommended daily iodine intake is 150 μg in adults who are not pregnant or lactating. Ingestion of iodine or exposure above this threshold is generally well-tolerated. However, in certain susceptible individuals, including those with pre-existing thyroid disease, the elderly, fetuses and neonates, or patients with other risk factors, the risk of developing iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction might be increased. Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism as a result of supraphysiologic iodine exposure might be either subclinical or overt, and the source of the excess iodine might not be readily apparent.

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Section: Sources Of Iodine Excessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of excess iodine

2013

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“…Iodine levels in the body will remain elevated after digestion of iodinated contrast, and it can take more than one month for iodine levels to be normalized following exposure [45]. Case reports [46,47,48,49] and the results of a large case-control study [50] support the premise that using iodinated contrast is a potential risk factor for the development of acute iodine excess and thyroid disorders. Thus, even a one-time of ingestion of any of these sources can lead to dangerous acute iodine excess.…”

Section: Iodine: An Abundant and Easily Accessible Environmental Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Excess as an Environmental Risk Factor for Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Luo

Kawashima

Ishido

et al. 2014

IJMS

155

101

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The global effort to prevent iodine deficiency disorders through iodine supplementation, such as universal salt iodization, has achieved impressive progress during the last few decades. However, iodine excess, due to extensive environmental iodine exposure in addition to poor monitoring, is currently a more frequent occurrence than iodine deficiency. Iodine excess is a precipitating environmental factor in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease. Excessive amounts of iodide have been linked to the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in humans and animals, while intrathyroidal depletion of iodine prevents disease in animal strains susceptible to severe thyroiditis. Although the mechanisms by which iodide induces thyroiditis are still unclear, several mechanisms have been proposed: (1) excess iodine induces the production of cytokines and chemokines that can recruit immunocompetent cells to the thyroid; (2) processing excess iodine in thyroid epithelial cells may result in elevated levels of oxidative stress, leading to harmful lipid oxidation and thyroid tissue injuries; and (3) iodine incorporation in the protein chain of thyroglobulin may augment the antigenicity of this molecule. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding excess iodide as an environmental toxicant and relate it to the development of autoimmune thyroid disease.

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“…In two small studies, subclinical hypothyroidism developed in four of 22 German patients [28] and in three of 56 US patients [29] 1 week following either coronary angiography or iodinated CT. Another Japanese report of 214 women (mean ± SD age 34.5 ± 4.6 years) described that those with pre-existing subclinical hypothyroidism were more likely to develop overt hypothyroidism than those who were euthyroid following hysterosalpingography (35 and 2%, respectively) [30]. …”

Section: Iodinated Contrast Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction

Leung

Braverman

2012

Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes &Amp; Obesity

138

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Purpose of review To summarize the mechanisms of iodine-induced hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, identify the risk factors for thyroid dysfunction following an iodine load, and summarize the major sources of excess iodine exposure. Recent findings Excess iodine is generally well tolerated, but individuals with underlying thyroid disease or other risk factors may be susceptible to iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction following acute or chronic exposure. Sources of increased iodine exposure include the global public health efforts of iodine supplementation, the escalating use of iodinated contrast radiologic studies, amiodarone administration in vulnerable patients, excess seaweed consumption, and various miscellaneous sources. Summary Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction may be subclinical or overt. Recognition of the association between iodine excess and iodine-induced hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism is important in the differential diagnosis of patients who present without a known cause of thyroid dysfunction.

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Short-Term Effects of Coronary Angiographic Contrast Agents on Thyroid Function

Cited by 10 publications

References 12 publications

Consequences of excess iodine

Consequences of excess iodine

Iodine Excess as an Environmental Risk Factor for Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction

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