Short-term effects of organophosphate pesticides on cholinesterases of estuarine fishes and pink shrimp

Coppage, David L.; Matthews, E.

doi:10.1007/bf01685308

Cited by 133 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Reduction in AchE enzyme activity indicates an accumulation of acetylcholine in the brain tissue, interfering with energy metabolism of the nervous system, preventing transmission of nervous impulses, and thereby causing behavioral alteration (Sarma et al 2010b). It has been reported that fish can tolerate the loss of AchE activity up to 70-80 % before death (Coppage and Mathew 1974). Pavlov (1996) reported 75 and 70.6 % inhibition of AchE activity in tilapia and perch respectively when they were exposed to acute salinity stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of a freshwater air-breathing fish, Clarias batrachus to salinity stress: an experimental case for their farming in brackishwater areas in Andaman, India

et al. 2012

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The study was conducted to assess the effects of salinity on growth and biochemical composition of freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus. A static nonrenewable acute toxicity bioassay test was conducted and LC 50 of salinity for 96-h exposure to the fingerling (14.5 cm) was 12.52 %. Based on these results, two sublethal salinity levels, viz. 4 and 8 % were selected to study the long-term effects of salinity on C. batrachus for a period of 90 days. From the study, it was found that growth and survival rate were less in saline water (4 and 8 %). Maximum growth and survival were recorded in freshwater (0 % salinity) and subsequently at 4 and 8 %. To assess the biochemical alteration, few important biomarkers were estimated. At the end of 90 days rearing period, glucose level in the brain and blood of C. batrachus was found to decrease with salinity. The level of liver and muscle glycogen in the fish reared at 4 % was lower than that of control. Ascorbic acid in all organs under study was found to decrease with increasing salinity, which was attributed to stress mitigation effect of vitamin C. Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity recorded a gradual decrease with increasing salinity. Metabolic enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and adenosine triphosphosphtase (ATPase) activity also reduced both in liver and muscle tissues with increasing salinity. From the present investigation, it can be concluded that exposure to higher salinity significantly (P \ 0.01) affects the growth and physiological response of Clarias batrachus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of a freshwater air-breathing fish, Clarias batrachus to salinity stress: an experimental case for their farming in brackishwater areas in Andaman, India

et al. 2012

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“…Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (C) insecticides are known to disrupt transmission in the central and peripheral cholinergic nervous systems in vertebrates by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity (Sahib and Rao, 1980;Sharma et al, 1993). These pesticides are produced and used in large amounts, and they enter the environment in greater quantities than chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (Coppage and Mathews, 1974), The possible hazard of AChE-inhibiting pesticides in the aquatic environment should not be ignored, since these pesticides act as a nerve poison by inhibiting the respiration center of the brain and neuromuscular junctions of the respiratory apparatus (Coppage and Braidech, 1976). Aquatic organisms exhibit a broad range of inhibitory response to OP and C pesticides, depending on the compound, exposure time, water conditions, and species (Copp-age and Mathews, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determination of brain AChE activity is widely used to diagnose OP and C poisoning (Hart, 1993). Taking into consideration that the activity of AChE is reduced to less than 50% of the normal level by OP and C, this degree has been regarded as a good indicator of poisoning (Coppage and Mathews, 1974;Westlake et al, 1981a, b). This article reports an investigation carried out to evaluate the concentration-response to some widely used ag-rochemical insecticides, and the length of time necessary for an in vivo inhibitory effect on carp brain AChE to occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration Effects of Selected Insecticides on Brain Acetylcholinesterase in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Dembele

Haubruge

Gaspar

2000

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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: The differential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (C) is followed by the distinct duration of exposure effect on common carp AChE. Hence, in the present study in vivo exposure period effect and in vitro concentration-response of chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos diazinon, and carbofuran were investigated on Cyprinus carpio L. AChE. Individuals of 1-year-old carp were exposed for 96 h to different concentrations of insecticides-after which AChE activity was measured in the brain. The highest concentrations of carbofuran (2.44 mg • L -1 )-chlorfenvinphos (2.9 mgL -1 ), and diazinon (2.5 mg.L -1 ) killed at] the test animals after only 4 h, although there was no statistically significant difference from the control group's brain AChE activity. The lowest concentration significantly inhibited brain AChE after 96 h. Chlorfenvinphos was the most potent inhibitor in vivo and chlorpyrifos the least active inhibitor after 96 h of exposure time. In vitro experimentation with the same pesticide indicated that several concentrations inhibited 50% of the AChE activity (I 50 ) ranging from 4.1 x 10 -7 to 8.12X 10 -4 M in both single inhibitory action and joint inhibitory effect. The results suggest that in biomonitoring programs carp brain AChE can be a good diagnostic tool for chronic OP nd C pollution.

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“…These enzymes may be soluble, linked to the basal lamina via a collagen tail or to membrane via a glycolipid or via a hydrophobic peptide (Bon et al 1979;Massoulie and Bon 1982). The toxicity of OP and C insecticides toward AChE has been extensively studied both in insects and vertebrates (Bocquene et al 1995;Coppage and Mathews 1974;Haubruge and Toutant 1997;Sharma et al 1993). The accepted mode of action of these insecticides is to phosphorylate or carbamilate AChE enzyme (Fleming and Grue 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) After Inhibition by Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds

Dembele

Haubruge

Gaspar

1999

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Short-term effects of organophosphate pesticides on cholinesterases of estuarine fishes and pink shrimp

Cited by 133 publications

References 7 publications

Response of a freshwater air-breathing fish, Clarias batrachus to salinity stress: an experimental case for their farming in brackishwater areas in Andaman, India

Response of a freshwater air-breathing fish, Clarias batrachus to salinity stress: an experimental case for their farming in brackishwater areas in Andaman, India

Concentration Effects of Selected Insecticides on Brain Acetylcholinesterase in the Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Recovery of Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) After Inhibition by Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds

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