Short-term effects of ultrafine particles on daily mortality by primary vehicle exhaust versus secondary origin in three Spanish cities

Tobías, Aurelio; Rivas, Ioar; Reche, Cristina; Alastuey, Andrés; Rodrı́guez, Sergio; Fernández-Camacho, R.; Campa, Ana M. Sánchez de la; Rosa, J. de la; Sunyer, Jordi; Querol, Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.015

Cited by 68 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The particle size is directly associated with the risks posed by ambient particulate matter to human health (Heal et al, 2012;HEI, 2013;Rückerl et al, 2011;Tobías et al, 2018). Sub-micrometer aerosol particles enter the human body mainly via inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric particle number size distributions across Spain

Alonso‐Blanco

Gómez-Moreno

Artı́ñano

et al. 2018

Atmospheric Environment

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Highlights Spatio-temporal variability of ultrafine particles at 7 sites in Spain was assessed. Meteorology and ultrafine particles sources control the site-to-site variability. Differences in ultrafine particles between inland and coastal sites were documented. Ultrafine particle bursts influenced the total number concentration in clean areas. Shrinkages processes were noticed at several sites during the warm period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric particle number size distributions across Spain

Alonso‐Blanco

Gómez-Moreno

Artı́ñano

et al. 2018

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Hence, all these processes may contribute to the variability and complexity of the atmospheric dynamics structure and to the temporal variations of aerosol concentrations in coastal regions. Fine particles (diameter < 1 µm) represent the vast majority of the total aerosol number concentration which may have some effect on human health [16,17]. Depending on their physical and chemical properties, these particles can penetrate deeply into the human lung via inhalation and most of them will be deposited within the lungs, leading to respiratory diseases [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments

et al. 2020

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Sea breeze (SB) phenomena may strongly influence air quality and lead to important effects on human health. In order to study the impact of SB dynamics on the properties and toxicity of aerosols, an atmospheric mobile unit was deployed during a field campaign performed in an urbanized and industrialized coastal area in Northern France. This unit combines aerosol samplers, two scanning lidars (Doppler and elastic) and an air-liquid interface (ALI, Vitrocell®) in vitro cell exposure device. Our study highlights that after the passage of an SB front, the top of the atmospheric boundary layer collapses as the thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) develops, which leads to high aerosol extinction coefficient values (>0.4 km−1) and an increase of PM2.5 and NOx concentrations in the SB current. The number-size distribution of particles indicates a high proportion of fine particles (with diameter below 500 nm), while the volume-size distribution shows a major mode of coarse particles centered on 2–3 µm. Individual particle analyses performed by cryo-transmission scanning electron microscopy (cryo-TSEM)-EDX highlights that submicronic particles contained a high fraction of secondary compounds, which may result from nucleation and/or condensation of condensable species (vapors or gaseous species after photo-oxidation). Secondary aerosol (SA) formation can be enhanced in some areas, by the interaction between the SB flow and the upper continental air mass, particularly due to the effect of both turbulence and temperature/humidity gradients between these two contrasting air masses. Potential areas of SA formation are located near the ground, during the SB front passage and in the vicinity of the SB current top. During the sea breeze event, an increase in the oxidative stress and inflammation processes in exposed lung cells, compared to the unexposed cells, can also be seen. In some instances, short singularity periods are observed during SB, corresponding to a double flow structure. It consists of two adjacent SB currents that induce an important increase of the TIBL top, improving the pollutants dispersion. This is associated with a substantial decrease of aerosol mass concentrations.

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“…In particular, there is very little published data on aerosol number concentrations and number size distributions down to the ultrafine regime (particles smaller than 100 nm) in urban areas of the MENA [23,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. Studies have shown that the smallest particle size fractions, which are best represented by aerosol number size distribution measurements, can adversely affect health [43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Carbon and Particulate Matter Concentrations in Eastern Mediterranean Urban Conditions: An Assessment Based on Integrated Stationary and Mobile Observations

et al. 2019

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There is a paucity of comprehensive air quality data from urban areas in the Middle East. In this study, portable instrumentation was used to measure size-fractioned aerosol number, mass, and black carbon concentrations in Amman and Zarqa, Jordan. Submicron particle number concentrations at stationary urban background sites in Amman and Zarqa exhibited a characteristic diurnal pattern, with the highest concentrations during traffic rush hours (2–5 × 104 cm−3 in Amman and 2–7 × 104 cm−3 in Zarqa). Super-micron particle number concentrations varied considerably in Amman (1–10 cm−3). Mobile measurements identified spatial variations and local hotspots in aerosol levels within both cities. Walking paths around the University of Jordan campus showed increasing concentrations with proximity to main roads with mean values of 8 × 104 cm−3, 87 µg/m3, 62 µg/m3, and 7.7 µg/m3 for submicron, PM10, PM2.5, and black carbon (BC), respectively. Walking paths in the Amman city center showed moderately high concentrations (mean 105 cm−3, 120 µg/m3, 85 µg/m3, and 8.1 µg/m3 for submicron aerosols, PM10, PM2.5, and black carbon, respectively). Similar levels were found along walking paths in the Zarqa city center. On-road measurements showed high submicron concentrations (>105 cm−3). The lowest submicron concentration (<104 cm−3) was observed near a remote site outside of the cities.

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Short-term effects of ultrafine particles on daily mortality by primary vehicle exhaust versus secondary origin in three Spanish cities

Cited by 68 publications

References 56 publications

Temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric particle number size distributions across Spain

Temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric particle number size distributions across Spain

Impact of Sea Breeze Dynamics on Atmospheric Pollutants and Their Toxicity in Industrial and Urban Coastal Environments

Black Carbon and Particulate Matter Concentrations in Eastern Mediterranean Urban Conditions: An Assessment Based on Integrated Stationary and Mobile Observations

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