Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and readmissions for heart failure among 3660 post-discharge patients with hypertension in older Chinese adults

Abstract

BackgroundDespite ambient air pollution being associated with various adverse cardiovascular outcomes, the acute effects of ambient air pollution on hospital readmissions for heart failure (HF) among post-discharge patients with hypertension remain less understood.MethodsWe conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study among 3660 subjects 60 years or older who were admitted to hospital for HF after discharge for hypertension in Guangzhou, China during 2016–2019. For each subject, individualised residential exposures to ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1 µm (PM1), ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5), ≤10 µm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone were extracted from our validated grid dataset.ResultsAn IQR increase of lag 04-day exposure to PM1 (IQR: 11.6 μg/m3), PM2.5 (IQR 21.9 μg/m3), PM10 (IQR 35.0 μg/m3), SO2 (IQR 4.4 μg/m3), NO2 (IQR 23.3 μg/m3) and CO (IQR 0.25 mg/m3) was significantly associated with a 9.77% (95% CI 2.21% to 17.89%), 8.74% (95% CI 1.05% to 17.00%), 13.93% (95% CI 5.36% to 23.20%), 10.81% (95% CI 1.82% to 20.60%), 14.97% (95% CI 8.05% to 22.34%) and 7.37% (95% CI 0.98% to 14.16%) increase in odds of HF readmissions, respectively. With adjustment for other pollutants, the association for NO2 exposure remained stable, while the associations for PM1, PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and CO exposures became insignificant. Overall, an estimated 19.86% of HF readmissions were attributable to NO2 exposure, while reducing NO2 exposure to the WHO and China air quality standards would avoid 12.87% and 0.54% of readmissions, respectively. No susceptible populations were observed by sex, age or season.ConclusionShort-term exposure to ambient NO2 was significantly associated with an increased odds of HF readmissions among post-discharge patients with hypertension in older Chinese adults.

Environmental Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease

“…A case-crossover Chinese study showed that short-term exposure to 23.3 μg/m 3 ambient SO 2 significantly increased the risk of HF readmissions by ∼15% among elderly patients with HTN. 44 …”

Relationship between socioeconomic status and hypertension incidence among adults in southwest China: a population-based cohort study

“…In China alone, there are more than 245 million adults diagnosed with hypertension, resulting in medical expenditures exceeding 40 billion yuan per year [ 3 , 4 ]. Prior research has indicated that in 2017, the nationwide death toll attributed to hypertension reached 2.54 million, with years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality from hypertension at 3154.3 per 100,000 individuals, and years lost due to disability (YLD) at 428.0 per 100,000 individuals [ 5 – 7 ].…”