Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Hospitalizations for Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Korean Children: A Time-Series Study in Seven Metropolitan Cities

Oh, Jong‐Min; Han, Changwoo; Lee, Dong Hoon; Jang, Yoon-Young; Bae, Hyun Cheol; Kim, Soontae; Ha, Eun–Hee; Hong, Yun Chul; Lim, Youn‐Hee

doi:10.3390/ijerph18010144

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…In this study, LRTI encounters for children increased with elevated PM2.5 and peaked at a weekly average lag of 6–12 days Studies on this category of respiratory infections or specific infections within this category (e.g., bronchitis or pneumonia) vary in their findings. To discuss a few, numbers of acute lower respiratory infections for young children in Utah, USA, were found to increase after 1 week of increased PM 2.5 and peak after 3 weeks of an increased exposure ( Horne et al 2018 ), while a similar study and results from Korea found acute lower respiratory infection hospitalizations to be associated with an increase in the 7-day running average of PM 2.5 ( Oh et al 2021 ). Zhu et al (2017) did not find a significant effect of short-term PM 2.5 on childhood lower respiratory diseases in China, but did observe the effect with other air pollutants (PM 10 , NO 2 , and SO 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases child respiratory hospitalizations in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States

Landguth,

Knudson,

Graham

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Western Montana, USA, experiences complex air pollution patterns with predominant exposure sources from summer wildfire smoke and winter wood smoke. In addition, climate change related temperatures events are becoming more extreme and expected to contribute to increases in hospital admissions for a range of health outcomes. Few studies have evaluated these exposures (air pollution and temperature) that often occur simultaneously and may act synergistically on health. Methods We explored short-term exposure to air pollution on childhood respiratory health outcomes and how extreme temperature or seasonal period modify the risk of air pollution-associated hospitalizations. The main outcome measure included all respiratory-related hospital admissions for three categories: asthma, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) across western Montana for all individuals aged 0–17 from 2017–2020. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover analysis and distributed lag models to identify sensitive exposure windows of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lagged from 0 (same-day) to 15 prior-days modified by temperature or season. Results Short-term exposure increases of 1 µg/m3 in PM2.5 were associated with elevated odds of all three respiratory hospital admission categories. PM2.5 was associated with the largest increased odds of hospitalizations for asthma at lag 7–13 days [1.87(1.17–2.97)], for LRTI at lag 6–12 days [2.18(1.20–3.97)], and for URTI at a cumulative lag of 13 days [1.29(1.07–1.57)]. The impact of PM2.5 varied by temperature and season for each respiratory outcome scenario. For asthma, PM2.5 was associated most strongly during colder temperatures [3.11(1.40–6.89)] and the winter season [3.26(1.07–9.95)]. Also in colder temperatures, PM2.5 was associated with increased odds of LRTI hospitalization [2.61(1.15–5.94)], but no seasonal effect was observed. Finally, 13 days of cumulative PM2.5 prior to admissions date was associated with the greatest increased odds of URTI hospitalization during summer days [3.35(1.85–6.04)] and hotter temperatures [1.71(1.31–2.22)]. Conclusions Children’s respiratory-related hospital admissions were associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5. PM2.5 associations with asthma and LRTI hospitalizations were strongest during cold periods, whereas associations with URTI were largest during hot periods. Classification : environmental public health, fine particulate matter air pollution, respiratory infections

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases child respiratory hospitalizations in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States

Landguth,

Knudson,

Graham

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies on this category of respiratory infections or specific infections within this category (e.g., bronchitis or pneumonia) vary in their findings. To discuss a few, numbers of acute lower respiratory infections for young children in Utah, USA, were found to increase after 1 week of increased PM 2.5 and peak after 3 weeks of an increased exposure [ 35 ], while a similar study and results from Korea found acute lower respiratory infection hospitalizations to be associated with an increase in the 7-day running average of PM 2.5 [ 66 ]. Zhu et al [ 99 ] did not find a significant effect of short-term PM 2.5 on childhood lower respiratory diseases in China, but did observe the effect with other air pollutants (PM 10 , NO 2 , and SO 2 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases pediatric respiratory healthcare encounters in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States

Landguth,

Knudson,

Graham

et al. 2024

Environ Health

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Background Western Montana, USA, experiences complex air pollution patterns with predominant exposure sources from summer wildfire smoke and winter wood smoke. In addition, climate change related temperatures events are becoming more extreme and expected to contribute to increases in hospital admissions for a range of health outcomes. Evaluating while accounting for these exposures (air pollution and temperature) that often occur simultaneously and may act synergistically on health is becoming more important. Methods We explored short-term exposure to air pollution on children’s respiratory health outcomes and how extreme temperature or seasonal period modify the risk of air pollution-associated healthcare events. The main outcome measure included individual-based address located respiratory-related healthcare visits for three categories: asthma, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) across western Montana for ages 0–17 from 2017–2020. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover analysis with distributed lag models to identify sensitive exposure windows of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lagged from 0 (same-day) to 14 prior-days modified by temperature or season. Results For asthma, increases of 1 µg/m3 in PM2.5 exposure 7–13 days prior a healthcare visit date was associated with increased odds that were magnified during median to colder temperatures and winter periods. For LRTIs, 1 µg/m3 increases during 12 days of cumulative PM2.5 with peak exposure periods between 6–12 days before healthcare visit date was associated with elevated LRTI events, also heightened in median to colder temperatures but no seasonal effect was observed. For URTIs, 1 unit increases during 13 days of cumulative PM2.5 with peak exposure periods between 4–10 days prior event date was associated with greater risk for URTIs visits that were intensified during median to hotter temperatures and spring to summer periods. Conclusions Delayed, short-term exposure increases of PM2.5 were associated with elevated odds of all three pediatric respiratory healthcare visit categories in a sparsely population area of the inter-Rocky Mountains, USA. PM2.5 in colder temperatures tended to increase instances of asthma and LRTIs, while PM2.5 during hotter periods increased URTIs.

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“…Multiple studies from several regions, including Taiwan and Jinan in China, found that elevated particulate matter concentrations were associated with increased outpatient visits and hospitalizations for pneumonia [ 29 , 30 ]. A study conducted in South Korea revealed that the concentration of PM 2.5 at lag06 caused the greatest risk of ALRI hospitalization in children [ 12 ]. In a case-crossover study of 112,467 children in the U.S., 1-week exposure to PM 2.5 was found to be associated with hospitalization for ALRI in children aged 0–2 years and 3–17 years [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children are particularly vulnerable to air pollution because their lung immune system is still developing. A number of studies conducted in different countries have demonstrated an association between long-term or short-term exposure to air pollutants and childhood ALRI hospitalization [10][11][12][13]. There are also several studies from China that have focused on the effects of air pollutants on the hospitalization of children with ALRI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects and economic burden of air pollutants on acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in Southwest China: a time-series study

Jiang

et al. 2023

Environ Health

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Background There are few studies on the effects of air pollutants on acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) in children. Here, we investigated the relationship of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with the daily number of hospitalizations for ALRI in children in Sichuan Province, China, and to estimate the economic burden of disease due to exposure to air pollutants. Methods We collected records of 192,079 cases of childhood ALRI hospitalization between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018 from nine municipal/prefecture medical institutions as well as the simultaneous meteorological and air pollution data from 183 monitoring sites in Sichuan Province. A time series-generalized additive model was used to analyze exposure responses and lagged effects while assessing the economic burden caused by air pollutant exposure after controlling for long-term trends, seasonality, day of the week, and meteorological factors. Results Our single-pollutant model shows that for each 10 μg/m3 increase in air pollutant concentration (1 μg/m3 for SO2), the effect estimates of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 for pneumonia reached their maximum at lag4, lag010, lag010, and lag07, respectively, with relative risk (RR) values of 1.0064 (95% CI, 1.0004–1.0124), 1.0168(95% CI 1.0089–1.0248), 1.0278 (95% CI 1.0157–1.0400), and 1.0378 (95% CI, 1.0072–1.0692). By contrast, the effect estimates of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2 for bronchitis all reached their maximum at lag010, with RRs of 1.0133 (95% CI 1.0025–1.0242), 1.0161(95% CI 1.0085–1.0238), 1.0135 (95% CI 1.0025–1.0247), and 1.1133(95% CI 1.0739–1.1541). In addition, children aged 5–14 years were more vulnerable to air pollutants than those aged 0–4 years (p < 0.05). According to the World Health Organization’s air quality guidelines, the number of ALRI hospitalizations attributed to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 pollution during the study period was 7551, 10,151, and 7575, respectively, while the incurring economic burden was CNY 2847.06, 3827.27, and 2855.91 million. Conclusion This study shows that in Sichuan Province, elevated daily average concentrations of four air pollutants lead to increases in numbers of childhood ALRI hospitalizations and cause a serious economic burden.

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Short-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Hospitalizations for Acute Lower Respiratory Infection in Korean Children: A Time-Series Study in Seven Metropolitan Cities

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases child respiratory hospitalizations in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States

Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases child respiratory hospitalizations in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States

Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases pediatric respiratory healthcare encounters in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States

Short-term effects and economic burden of air pollutants on acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in Southwest China: a time-series study

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