Short‐term ingestion of deoxynivalenol in naturally contaminated feed alters piglet performance and gut hormone secretion

Abstract

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) generally exists in cereals and affects human and animal health. The aim of this study is to analyze the impacts of DON in naturally contaminated feed on piglet growth performance and intestinal hormone secretion in the short term. We randomly divided 5-week-old piglets into four groups: Control, DON 1,000, DON 2,000 and DON 3,000 groups. Piglets received a feed naturally contaminated with DON (approximately 400, 1,000, 2,000 or 3,000 μg/kg) for 21 days. Body weight showed no significant difference following exposure to DON. The balance of anti-oxidation and oxidation was disrupted by DON after 21 days. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) significantly increased (p < .001) in all DON-treated groups. Gut anorexigenic hormone secretion of peptide YY (PYY) and cholecystokinin (CCK) had a time- and dose-dependent relationship with DON exposure; however, there was no effect on orexigenic hormone ghrelin secretion. Changes of histomorphology in the jejunum were observed in DON-treated groups, including villi flattening and fusion, and apical necrosis of villi. These results indicated that DON could suppress piglet growth performance and alter gut hormone secretion in the short term.

The Compromised Intestinal Barrier Induced by Mycotoxins

“…The adverse effects on intestinal morphology in various in vivo models have been recorded for different mycotoxins such as AFs [ 99 , 103 , 104 ], OTA [ 107 ], and DON [ 72 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 ]. In addition, a variety of clinical chemistry analytes such as urine, feces, and blood may also reflect defects in intestinal barrier function in vivo (e.g., fatty acid-binding protein and C-reactive protein levels in serum, and fecal hemoglobin and fecal calprotectin) [ 130 , 131 ].…”

Astilbin ameliorates deoxynivalenol‐induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC‐J2)

“…Following ingestion of contaminated food or feed, the intestinal tract is the primary target of DON. Some studies demonstrated that exposure to DON could destroy the integrity of the intestinal barrier and the protein structure of intestinal epithelial cells, thus causing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis (De Walle et al, 2010; Li et al, 2018; Yu et al, 2017). IPEC‐J2 is commonly utilized to analyze the transport function of intestinal epithelium and study the influence of nutrients or toxins on intestinal function (Brosnahan & Brown, 2012).…”

Maternal Supplementation of Food Ingredient (Prebiotic) or Food Contaminant (Mycotoxin) Influences Mucosal Immune System in Piglets

“…The toxicity of DON varied according to several parameters such as the dose, the duration of exposure, the animal age as well as nutritional factors [ 39 ]. Previous studies reported negative impacts on the performance and gut hormone secretion of naturally mycotoxin-contaminated feed for piglets (1 to 3 mg/kg) during a 21 day-period [ 40 ]. In addition, gut health and integrity were affected in 6-week-old growing pigs with a low dose (0.9 mg/kg feed) for 10 days [ 38 ].…”