Short-Term Inhalation Toxicity of Perfluoroisobutylene

Smith, Ladd W.; Gardner, Richard J.; Kennedy, Gerald L.

doi:10.3109/01480548209041059

Cited by 32 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Organofluorine compounds may also share pulmonary damage mechanisms with chemical warfare agents such as phosgene. Thus, interest in organofluorine compounds has led to increased efforts to describe the toxicity and pathophysiological effects of PFlB (Smith et al, 1982;Waritz and Kwon, 1968). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise on the pulmonary toxicity of the compound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Exercise Following Exposure to Perfluoroisobutylene

Moore

Jaeger

Jaax

1991

Inhalation Toxicology

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Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland of Chemical Defense, Perfluoroisobutylene (PFIB) is a toxic chemical encountered in industry as a pyrolysis product of tetrafluoroethylene polymers, such as Teflon. Inhalation of toxic doses of PFlB results in varying degrees of pulmonary edema. The purpose of this study was to determine if exhaustive exercise would potentiate the toxic effects of PFIB. One group of treadmill-acclimated rats was exercised to exhaustion following a l h n i n wholebody exposure to PFIB (approximately 0.75 x LCt50). A second group was similarly exposed but not exercised. Two other groups of rats were sham exposed; one was exercised while one remained sedentary following the sham exposure. Twenty-four hours after exposure, the animals were sacrificed; the lungs were removed and weighed, and a portion was collected for histopathologic examination. The remaining lung tissue was allowed to dry to constant weight. There was a significant increase in the amount of pulmonary edema and associated pulmonary pathology in rats exercised following exposure to PFIB. Exposure to this concentration of PFIB caused no decrement in immediate postexposure endurance. The degree of pulmonary pathology in all rats exposed to PFIB was profound.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Exercise Following Exposure to Perfluoroisobutylene

Moore

Jaeger

Jaax

1991

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…With the introduction of the double bond into the molecule, these molecules have very short atmospheric lifetimes and only a small percent if any will get into the stratosphere, resulting in very low greenhouse warming potentials and for the hydrochlorofluoroolefins, which contain chlorine, the very short atmospheric lifetimes prevents the substance from reaching the stratosphere. However, some members of this class of chemicals are highly toxic such as perfluoroisobutene (Smith et al 1982) where the 10 min LC 50 in rats is 17 ppm and the 2-h LC50 in mice is 1.6 ppm, making selection of acceptable products more difficult. At present, these new substances are being developed primarily as refrigerants, solvents and foam blowing agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of environmentally acceptable fluorocarbons

Rusch¹

2018

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were introduced in the 1930s as the safe replacements for the toxic and flammable refrigerants being used at that time. Subsequently, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) were also developed. In addition to refrigerant applications, they were used as foam blowing agents, as solvents and as propellants for many aerosols. In the 1970s and 1980s, concern developed about their environmental impact, specifically on stratospheric ozone depletion. Industry began to consider acceptable replacements. In 1987, many of the governments of the world came together and drafted the Montreal Protocol, calling upon Industry to initially phase out production of the CFCs and later HCFCs. Within 4 months of the signing of the Montreal Protocol, the 15 global major producers joined together to form the Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study (AFEAS), which sponsored research into environmental effects and the Program for Alternative Fluorocarbons toxicity Testing, PAFT), which examined the toxicology of potential replacements for the CFCs and HCFCs. Nine replacements were identified by companies and, through this international cooperation; toxicology programs were designed, conducted, and evaluated without duplication of effort and testing; consequently these new products were introduced within less than 10 years. Indeed the Montreal Protocol has been recognized as the most appropriate international treaty to phase-down HFCs. In 2016 the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol set out a phase-down schedule for the consumption and production of HFCs. In order to reduce the consumption and emissions of high GWP HFCs. Recently lower GWP HFCs and very low GWP HFOs (hydrofluoroolefins and HCFOs (hydrochlorofluoroolefins) have been introduced into a range of applications. Summaries of the toxicology profiles of some of the original CFCs and HCFCs, the replacements and the new post-PAFT replacements are described.

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“…One of the most toxic is perfluoroisobutene (PFIB), 1 a by-product of Teflon TM manufacture whose toxicity is legendary [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Other fluorinated alkenes such as hexafluorocyclobutene (HFCB) are also toxic by inhalation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoroalkene chemistry

Timperley¹

2004

Journal of Fluorine Chemistry

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Short-Term Inhalation Toxicity of Perfluoroisobutylene

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of Exercise Following Exposure to Perfluoroisobutylene

Effects of Exercise Following Exposure to Perfluoroisobutylene

The development of environmentally acceptable fluorocarbons

Fluoroalkene chemistry

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