Short-term ionic responses as indicators of hydrochemical processes in the Allt a' Mharcaidh catchment, western Cairngorms, Scotland

Harriman, R.; Gillespie, E.; King, Dennis W.; Watt, A. W.; Christie, A. E. G.; Cowan, A.A.; Edwards, Thomas K.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(90)90127-j

Cited by 64 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Another sample was collected in a 1-litre acid-washed water bottle and passed through a pre-weighed GF/C filter (retained for suspended solid estimation after drying at 40 C) within 24 hours, before cold storage (in the dark) and transportation back to the UK. Water chemistry analysis was carried out (after three weeks' storage and re-filtering through 0.45 mm polycarbonate membranes) at the Marine Scotland Science laboratory (Pitlochry, UK), using standard methods including measurement of common ions by ion chromatography (see Harriman et al, 1990). Total organic carbon was measured using a TOCVcph analyser (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan), water colour by light absorption at 250 nm (Abs 250 ), and alkalinity by potentiometry.…”

Section: Water Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the factors affecting distributions of freshwater diatom species in a remote South Atlantic archipelago

Flower

Kernan

Noon³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Phycology

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Diatom species distributions on remote islands are influenced by both habitat quality and location. In this study diatom distributions and water quality were explored in the Falkland Islands archipelago with reference to island floras elsewhere, using 28 freshwater sites (small ponds, shallow lowland lakes, upland tarns and several streams). Site water chemistries varied from strongly acid to circum-neutral and from low to high conductivity and water-colour. Dissolved ions co-varied with conductivity and varied strongly between sites and ion ratios indicated a strong influence of sea-salt deposition. Canonical Correspondence Analysis of the diatom and environmental data revealed three groups of sites, (1) high water-colour and low pH, (2) low conductivity and low water-colour, and (3) high conductivity and higher pH. Diatom species frequency abundances were most strongly influenced by water conductivity and pH. Diatom assemblages were composed of both cosmopolitan and regionally endemic Subantarctic species. Water chemistry was a weak predictor of diatom diversity but sites with more regionally endemic species tended also to have more cosmopolitan species. Taxonomic harmonization allowed species comparisons to be made with diatom assemblages on two islands elsewhere, Signy Island (Antarctica) and South Uist (Scottish Outer Hebrides). Detrended Correspondence Analysis of the species data from these three locations strongly discriminated the Signy Island sites and Subantarctic species characterized the Falkland Islands samples. Regionally endemic species groups within the Subantarctic zone were configured by biogeographical controls on dispersal, as well as by habitat selection and water quality. Variance partitioning showed that water chemistry and spatial (location) variables were both highly significant in accounting for similar proportions of unique variance in the combined island-species dataset. Despite overall low diversity, Subantarctic species are an important floral component and need to be incorporated into global freshwater diatom diversity patterns by using species-sensitive and carefully harmonized datasets.

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Section: Water Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the factors affecting distributions of freshwater diatom species in a remote South Atlantic archipelago

Flower

Kernan

Noon³

et al. 2012

European Journal of Phycology

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“…Such variable results as these illustrate the need for more complex models to describe temporal variations in water quality. Other than stream discharge, water quality drivers may include nutrient cycling/retention (Soulsby et al, 2002), preferential flow (Mulholland et al, 1990), and source area dynamics (Creed and Band, 1998;Harriman et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When differentiating stream chemistry from one season to the next hydrologic flowpath may be the primary determinant of water chemistry (Harriman et al, 1990;Hill, 1993). In the Mediterranean climate of Spain, chemical variations in the waterways of the La Castanya Biological Station are controlled by soil solution chemistry during high flows, and groundwater chemistry during low flows (Avila et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal dynamics of stream water chemistry in the last free-flowing river draining the western Sierra Nevada, California

Ahearn

Sheibley

Dahlgren

et al. 2004

Journal of Hydrology

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Temporal patterns of stream water chemistry were analyzed across the Cosumnes River Watershed (1989 km 2 ) for water years 1999-2002 to quantify hydrobiogeochemical dynamics in the last free-flowing watershed draining the western Sierra Nevada, California. The Mediterranean climate of California produces a distinct annual hydrologic pattern with three seasons: baseflow, stormflow, and meltflow. The baseflow season (July -October) is dominated by groundwater chemistry that primarily originates from high elevations, and thus does not vary much across the basin. During the baseflow season discharge is negatively correlated to ionic concentration, and sediment and nutrients are generally below detection levels. The stormflow season (November -March) is separated into a flushing period (where discharge is positively correlated to river water conductivity) and a dilution period (where discharge is negatively correlated to conductivity). During average flow years, virtually the entire annual load of nutrients and sediment moves through the watershed during the stormflow season. Because stormflow hydrologically links the land with local waterways, the stormflow season shows the greatest variance among sites across the diverse landscape of the Cosumnes Watershed. Chemistry of the meltflow season (April -June) is dominated by dilute upland snowmelt, and there is little chemical variation across the watershed. Storm-scale analysis in water year 2002 revealed that progressive flushing occurs with each storm event and that source area dynamics play an important role in chemograph response. With 19 of the 20 major rivers in the western Sierra Nevada having dams, these data provide scientists and regulators with a valuable reference to address how impoundment affects water quality. q

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“…ALK is the equivalence alkalinity (meq l 1 ) based on a dual end-point titration in the pH range of 4.5 to 4.2 and DOC is the dissolved organic carbon content (mg l 1 ) (Harriman and Taylor, 1999). Using the SSWC model, CL values were calculated according to the following equation:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dissolved organic content was determined using an organic carbon analyser by oxidation of all carbon forms to CO 2 . Further details on the chemical analysis can be found in Harriman et al (1987Harriman et al ( , 1990a.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating episodicity into estimates of Critical Loads for juvenile salmonids in Scottish streams

Bridcut

McNish

Harriman

2004

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Critical Load (CL) methodology is currently used throughout Europe to assess the risks of ecological damage due to sulphur and nitrogen emissions. Critical acid neutralising capacity (ANC CRIT ) is used in CL estimates for freshwater systems as a surrogate for biological damage. Although UK CL maps presently use an ANC value of 0 meq l 1 , this value has been based largely on Norwegian lake studies, in which brown trout is chosen as a representative indicator organism. In this study, an ANC value specific for brown trout in Scottish streams was determined and issues were addressed such as salmon and trout sensitivity in streams, episodicity, afforestation and complicating factors such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and labile aluminium (Al-L). Catchments with significant forest cover were selected to provide fishless sites and to provide catchment comparisons in unpolluted areas. Chemical factors were the primary determinant with land use a secondary determinant of the distribution of salmonid populations at the twenty-six study sites. ANC explained more variance in brown trout density than pH. The most significant index of episodicity was percent of time spent below an ANC of 0 meql -1 . An ANC CRIT value of 39 meql -1 was obtained based on a 50% probability of brown trout occurrence. The use of this revised ANC CRIT value in the CL equation improved the relationship between trout status and exceedance of CLs. Uncertainties associated with variations in Al-L at any fixed ANC CRIT , particularly within forested catchments, and the role of DOC in modifying the toxicity of Al-L are discussed.

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Short-term ionic responses as indicators of hydrochemical processes in the Allt a' Mharcaidh catchment, western Cairngorms, Scotland

Cited by 64 publications

References 6 publications

On the factors affecting distributions of freshwater diatom species in a remote South Atlantic archipelago

On the factors affecting distributions of freshwater diatom species in a remote South Atlantic archipelago

Temporal dynamics of stream water chemistry in the last free-flowing river draining the western Sierra Nevada, California

Incorporating episodicity into estimates of Critical Loads for juvenile salmonids in Scottish streams

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