Short-term Maximal-Intensity Resistance Training Increases Volitional Function and Strength in Chronic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Jayaraman, Arun; Thompson, Christopher K.; Rymer, William Z.; Hornby, T. George

doi:10.1097/npt.0b013e31828390a1

Cited by 41 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The nearly doubled eccentric strength in those with iSCI following ERT is twice the improvement, noted as torque improvement, by Jayaraman et al (2013) following a four-week maximal isokinetic training program in men with chronic iSCI. The improvement described in the current study may be due to a greater volume of work per session and training duration when compared to a resistance style isokinetic training program (14). In the current study, the progressive increases in intensity and/or duration of ERT resulted in mode specific strength gains and also translated into isometric strength in those with iSCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Eccentric Resistance Training in Adults with and without Spinal Cord Injuries

Stone

Stevens

Fuller

et al. 2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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International Journal of Exercise Science 10(1): 154-165, 2017The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of active lower body eccentric resistance training (ERT) in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) and controls (CON). Specifically, the study was designed to determine if those with iSCI adapt similarly to ERT as CON participants as well as the overall safety and efficacy of ERT in this population. This pilot investigation involved the recruitment of persons with iSCI (n = 3) and age-and sex-matched able-bodied CON (n = 3). The 8-week intervention focused on building lower extremity eccentric strength by progressively increasing the duration and intensity of training sessions. Control participants completed the same training intervention. Main outcome measures were eccentric strength (eccentric ergometer), isometric strength (hand held dynamometer), and leg muscle mass (DEXA). All participants completed the ERT. At posttest, eccentric strength improved from pretest (p = .044, p 2 = .68) with similar changes between groups (p > .05). The percent improvement in isometric strength for those with iSCI (41.5%) was different than CON (-2.8%) after training (p = .044). Neither group demonstrated muscle mass gains at posttest (p > .05). Active lower body ERT is well tolerated and effective at increasing lower extremity strength in those with iSCI. These adaptations are likely attributable to neuromuscular development rather than a hypertrophic response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Eccentric Resistance Training in Adults with and without Spinal Cord Injuries

Stone

Stevens

Fuller

et al. 2017

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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“…The improvements observed in peak aerobic capacity and muscle strength are consistent with previous reports. 5,6,[8][9][10] The increase in submaximal power output performed during the aerobic endurance test in the PAG group indicates that participants were able to perform more work at the same HR and RPE for the same amount of time. Similar results have been reported in previous training studies and are likely reflective of increases in both muscle strength and cardiovascular capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Improvements in cardiovascular fitness have been demonstrated following aerobic exercise training using arm cycle 5 or wheelchair ergometry, 6 and improvements in muscle strength have been demonstrated with both neuromuscular electrical stimulation 7 and voluntary muscle contraction training protocols. 8 Few studies have demonstrated the efficacy of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training programs in the SCI population. A 9-month twice weekly training protocol of combined resistance (2-3 sets of 50-80% 1 repetition maximum (1RM)) and aerobic exercise (70% maximum heart rate or 3-4 on 10-point rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale) resulted in an increase of 81% in submaximal power output, and a 19-34% increase in muscle strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 16-week randomized controlled trial evaluating the physical activity guidelines for adults with spinal cord injury

et al. 2014

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Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of the physical activity guidelines (PAG) for adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) to improve aspects of physical fitness. Setting: Community exercise facility. Methods: Twenty-three participants (age: 40.4 ± 11.6 years, C1-T11, 12.0 ± 10.0 years post injury) were randomized into PAG training (n = 12) or active control (CON, n = 11) groups. PAG training was 2x per week for 16 weeks and involved 20 min of aerobic exercise at a moderate to vigorous intensity and three sets of 10 repetitions (at 50-70% 1 repetition maximum; 1RM). Pre-and post-testing included peak exercise and aerobic endurance tests on an arm ergometer and 1RM testing. Results: Nineteen participants (PAG, n = 11; CON, n = 8) completed the 16-week training program and post-testing. There was a significant (Po0.05) increase in peak aerobic capacity (relative VO 2peak : 17.2%, absolute VO 2peak : 9.9%) and submaximal power output (26.3%) in the PAG group only. Increases in strength ranged from 11.5-38.9% and were significantly (Po0.05) different from CON for vertical bench press, seated row, and rickshaw press. Adherence to the exercise program was 85.2 ± 8.3% for PAG, 44.4 ± 34.3% for CON (Po0.01). Conclusion:The PAG for adults with SCI are sufficient to improve aspects of aerobic and muscular fitness and should be promoted as a means to improve physical capacity.

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“…These measures of spasticity are also associated with improvements in motor control such as increases in voluntary motor strength, walking speed, and self-reported mobility. In a recent pilot study, resistance training at maximal intensity also improved walking and balance with a trend to decrease the modified Ashworth score (Jayaraman et al, 2013). Other forms of therapy involving voluntary contractions include neural facilitation, hippotherapy and hydrotherapy, and all have resulted in reduced measures of spasticity (Hsieh et al, 2012).…”

Section: Treatments For Spasticity and Recovery Of Motoneuron Functionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recovery of neuronal and network excitability after spinal cord injury and implications for spasticity

D’Amico

Condliffe

Martins

et al. 2014

Front. Integr. Neurosci.

104

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The state of areflexia and muscle weakness that immediately follows a spinal cord injury (SCI) is gradually replaced by the recovery of neuronal and network excitability, leading to both improvements in residual motor function and the development of spasticity. In this review we summarize recent animal and human studies that describe how motoneurons and their activation by sensory pathways become hyperexcitable to compensate for the reduction of functional activation of the spinal cord and the eventual impact on the muscle. Specifically, decreases in the inhibitory control of sensory transmission and increases in intrinsic motoneuron excitability are described. We present the idea that replacing lost patterned activation of the spinal cord by activating synaptic inputs via assisted movements, pharmacology or electrical stimulation may help to recover lost spinal inhibition. This may lead to a reduction of uncontrolled activation of the spinal cord and thus, improve its controlled activation by synaptic inputs to ultimately normalize circuit function. Increasing the excitation of the spinal cord with spared descending and/or peripheral inputs by facilitating movement, instead of suppressing it pharmacologically, may provide the best avenue to improve residual motor function and manage spasticity after SCI.

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Short-term Maximal-Intensity Resistance Training Increases Volitional Function and Strength in Chronic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract: Maximal-intensity training paradigm may facilitate rapid gains in volitional function and strength in persons with chronic motor-incomplete SCI, using a simple short-term training paradigm.

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Eccentric Resistance Training in Adults with and without Spinal Cord Injuries

Eccentric Resistance Training in Adults with and without Spinal Cord Injuries

A 16-week randomized controlled trial evaluating the physical activity guidelines for adults with spinal cord injury

Recovery of neuronal and network excitability after spinal cord injury and implications for spasticity

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