Short-term measurements of CO, NO, NO2, organic compounds and PM10 at a motorway location in an Austrian valley

Beauchamp, Jonathan; Wisthaler, Armin; Grabmer, W.; Neuner, C.; Weber, A.H.; Hansel, Armin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.01.032

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The benzene/toluene ratio (B/T) is a key indicator of aromatics originating predominantly from vehicle emissions (Beauchamp et al, 2004;Hoque et al, 2008). This ratio is useful for estimating the photochemical age of an air mass (Khoder, 2007) and is, thus, a good indicator of different emission sources.…”

Section: Btex: Vehicular Emissions Versus Paints and Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a mobile laboratory to evaluate changes in on-road air pollutants during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics

et al. 2009

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Abstract. China implemented systematic air pollution control measures during the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics and Paralympics to improve air quality. This study used a versatile mobile laboratory to conduct in situ monitoring of on-road air pollutants along Beijing's Fourth Ring Road on 31 selected days before, during, and after the Olympics air pollution control period. A suite of instruments with response times of less than 30 s was used to measure temporal and spatial variations in traffic-related air pollutants, including NO x , CO, PM 1.0 surface area (S(PM 1 )), black carbon (BC), and benzene, toluene, the sum of ethylbenzene, and m-, p-, and o-xylene (BTEX). During the Olympics (8-23 August, 2008), on-road air pollutant concentrations decreased significantly, by up to 54% for CO, 41% for NO x , 70% for SO 2 , 66% for BTEX, 12% for BC, and 18% for S PM 1 , compared with the pre-control period (before 20 July). Concentrations increased again after the control period ended (after 20 September), with average increases of 33% for CO, 42% for NO x , 60% for SO 2 , 40% for BTEX, 26% for BC, and 37% for S(PM 1 ), relative to the control period. Variations in pollutants concentrations were correlated with changes in traffic speed and the number and types of vehicles on the road. Throughout the measurement periods, the concentrations of NO x , CO, and BTEX varied markedly with the numbers of light-and medium-duty vehicles (LDVs and MDVs, respectively) on the road. Only after 8 August was a noticeable relationship found between BC and S(PM 1 ) and the number of heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). Additionally, Correspondence to: T. Zhu (tzhu@pku.edu.cn) BC and S(PM 1 ) showed a strong correlation with SO 2 before the Olympics, indicating possible industrial sources from local emissions as well as regional transport activities in the Beijing area. Such factors were identified in measurements conducted on 6 August in an area southwest of Beijing. The ratio of benzene to toluene, a good indicator of traffic emissions, shifted suddenly from about 0.26 before the Olympics to approximately 0.48 after the Olympics began. This finding suggests that regulations on traffic volume and restrictions on the use of painting solvents were effective after the Olympics began. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of air pollution control measures and identified local and regional pollution sources within and surrounding the city of Beijing. The findings will be invaluable for emission inventory evaluations and model verifications.

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Section: Btex: Vehicular Emissions Versus Paints and Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a mobile laboratory to evaluate changes in on-road air pollutants during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics

et al. 2009

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“…Other work on pedestrian exposure to air pollutants such as CO within an urban area can be found in [7], who concluded that relatively high exposure levels of CO are strongly traffic-related and vary significantly with traffic conditions and street configuration. An analysis of the relationship between pollutants, including CO, and varying traffic density can be found in [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Statistical Methods to Assess Carbon Monoxide Pollution Variations within an Urban Area

Capilla

2012

IJG

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In recent years there have been considerable new legislation and efforts by vehicle manufactures aimed at reducing pollutant emission to improve air quality in urban areas. Carbon monoxide is a major pollutant in urban areas, and in this study we analyze monthly carbon monoxide (CO) data from Valencia City, a representative Mediterranean city in terms of its structure and climatology. Temporal and spatial trends in pollution were recorded from a monitoring network that consisted of five monitoring sites. A multiple linear model, incorporating meteorological parameters, annual cycles, and random error due to serial correlation, was used to estimate the temporal changes in pollution. An analysis performed on the meteorologically adjusted data reveals a significant decreasing trend in CO concentrations and an annual seasonal cycle. The model parameters are estimated by applying the least-squares method. The standard error of the parameters is determined while taking into account the serial correlation in the residuals. The decreasing trend implies to a certain extent an improvement in the air quality of the study area. The seasonal cycle shows variations that are mainly associated with traffic and meteorological patterns. Analysis of the stochastic spatial component shows that most of the intersite covariances can be analyzed using an exponential variogram model.

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“…Adequate diagnostic testing of AQM's requires uncertainties in NO 2 measurements of less than ±10% Environmental Protection Agency, 2001;McClenny et al, 2002). There has also been considerable attention paid recently to the direct emissions of NO 2 from diesel vehicles Jenkin, 2004a;Jimenez et al, 2000;Latham et al, 2001;Pundt et al, 2005) and their resulting health effects (Beauchamp et al, 2004). These and other studies that rely on the data from monitoring networks, such as recent NO 2 source apportionment Beevers, 2004, 2005) and oxidant partitioning (Jenkin, 2004b) studies, could be significantly affected by interferences in the standard methods for NO 2 measurement.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of nitrogen dioxide chemiluminescence monitors in a polluted urban environment

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Data from a recent field campaign in Mexico City are used to evaluate the performance of the EPA Federal Reference Method for monitoring the ambient concentrations of NO 2 . Measurements of NO 2 from standard chemiluminescence monitors equipped with molybdenum oxide converters are compared with those from Tunable Infrared Laser Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (TILDAS) and Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments. A significant interference in the chemiluminescence measurement is shown to account for up to 50% of ambient NO 2 concentration during afternoon hours. As expected, this interference correlates well with non-NO x reactive nitrogen species (NO z ) as well as with ambient O 3 concentrations, indicating a photochemical source for the interfering species. A combination of ambient gas phase nitric acid and alkyl and multifunctional alkyl nitrates is deduced to be the primary cause of the interference. Observations at four locations at varying proximities to emission sources indicate that the percentage contribution of HNO 3 to the interference decreases with time as the air parcel ages. Alkyl and multifunctional alkyl nitrate concentrations are calculated to reach concenCorrespondence to: E. J. Dunlea (edward.dunlea@colorado.edu) trations as high as several ppb inside the city, on par with the highest values previously observed in other urban locations. Averaged over the MCMA-2003 field campaign, the chemiluminescence monitor interference resulted in an average measured NO 2 concentration up to 22% greater than that from co-located spectroscopic measurements. Thus, this interference has the potential to initiate regulatory action in areas that are close to non-attainment and may mislead atmospheric photochemical models used to assess control strategies for photochemical oxidants.

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Short-term measurements of CO, NO, NO2, organic compounds and PM10 at a motorway location in an Austrian valley

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Use of a mobile laboratory to evaluate changes in on-road air pollutants during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics

Use of a mobile laboratory to evaluate changes in on-road air pollutants during the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics

Application of Statistical Methods to Assess Carbon Monoxide Pollution Variations within an Urban Area

Evaluation of nitrogen dioxide chemiluminescence monitors in a polluted urban environment

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