Short-term Memory Impairment in Cannabis-Dependent Adolescents

Schwartz, Richard H.; Gruenewald, Paul J.; Klitzner, Michael; Fedio, Paul

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150220110030

Cited by 94 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Fourth, our cross-sectional design does not permit the evaluation of functional differences that may have existed before the onset of substance use. Finally, as discussed above, the MAUD adolescents in the current investigation evidenced neural dysfunction after a minimum of 48 h abstinence, yet it is unclear whether the observed differences would persist with more extended sobriety (Pope et al, 2001;Schwartz et al, 1989;Yurgelun-Todd et al, 1999). Future studies might attempt to disentangle the residual and longer term effects of adolescent marijuana use by requiring longer periods of monitored abstinence before assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Thus, it appears that teens with marijuana and alcohol use disorders have aberrant patterns of functional response not observed in teens with AUD alone, especially in frontal systems. Heavy marijuana use during adolescence may adversely affect frontal functioning more than other brain regions (Kanayama et al, 2004;Loeber and Yurgelun-Todd, 1999;Lundqvist et al, 2001), and may be related to problems with attention (Solowij et al, 1991(Solowij et al, , 1995Tapert et al, 2002) as well as working memory (Schwartz et al, 1989). Further, protracted recent marijuana and alcohol use during adolescence appears associated with disrupted attention and working memory networks above and beyond the abnormalities observed in teens with AUD alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuropsychological assessments of substance use disordered teens have described marijuana use related deficits in learning and memory (Millsaps et al, 1994) and attention (Tapert et al, 2002). A longitudinal study of marijuana dependent adolescents demonstrated further shortterm memory decrements that persisted after 6 weeks of monitored abstinence (Schwartz et al, 1989). In addition, compared to individuals with adult-onset cannabis use disorder and nonabusing controls, adolescent-onset cannabis use disordered adults showed attenuated electrophysiological response during selective attention (Kempel et al, 2003), as well as smaller frontal and parietal volumes and increased cerebral blood flow (Wilson et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

fMRI response to spatial working memory in adolescents with comorbid marijuana and alcohol use disorders

Schweinsburg

Cheung

et al. 2005

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

112

130

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Alcohol and marijuana use are prevalent in adolescence, yet the neural impact of concomitant use remains unclear. We previously demonstrated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response to spatial working memory (SWM) among teens with alcohol use disorders (AUD) compared to controls, and predicted that adolescents with marijuana and alcohol use disorders would show additional abnormalities.Participants were three groups of 15−17-year-olds: 19 non-abusing controls, 15 AUD teens with limited exposure to drugs, and 15 teens with comorbid marijuana and alcohol use disorders (MAUD) and minimal other drug experience. After >2 days' abstinence, participants performed a SWM task during fMRI acquisition. fMRI brain response patterns differed between groups, despite similar performance on the task. MAUD youths showed less activation in inferior frontal and temporal regions than controls, and more response in other prefrontal regions. Compared to AUD teens, MAUD youths also showed less inferior frontal and temporal activation, but more medial frontal response. Overall, MAUD youths showed different brain response abnormalities than teens with AUD alone, despite relatively short histories of substance involvement. This pattern could suggest compensation for marijuana-related attention and working memory deficits. However, relatively recent use and premorbid features may influence results, and should be examined in future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

fMRI response to spatial working memory in adolescents with comorbid marijuana and alcohol use disorders

Schweinsburg

Cheung

et al. 2005

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

112

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After controlling for baseline performance and demographics, they found that current heavy marijuana users showed deficits in immediate and delayed memory, processing speed, and overall IQ. Further, a longitudinal study of 10 cannabis-dependent adolescents demonstrated incomplete recovery of learning and memory impairments after 6 weeks of monitored abstinence (Schwartz et al, 1989), indicating that adolescents may be more susceptible to long-term changes than adults (Pope et al, 2001). Together, these studies point to dysfunctional working memory and attention abilities among adolescents who are heavy marijuana users that may persist after several weeks of abstinence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Abstinent adolescent marijuana users show altered fMRI response during spatial working memory

Schweinsburg¹,

Nagel²,

Schweinsburg³

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

172

168

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Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance among teenagers, yet little is known about the possible neural influence of heavy marijuana use during adolescence. We previously demonstrated an altered functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity related to spatial working memory (SWM) among adolescents who were heavy users of after an average of 8 days of abstinence, but the persisting neural effects remain unclear. To characterize the potentially persisting neurocognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in adolescence, we examined fMRI response during SWM among abstinent marijuana-using teens. Participants were 15 MJ teens and 17 demographically similar nonusing controls, ages 16-18. Teens underwent biweekly urine toxicology screens to ensure abstinence for 28 days before fMRI acquisition. Groups performed similarly on the SWM task, but MJ teens demonstrated lower activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortices, yet significantly more activation in right posterior parietal cortex. MJ teens showed abnormalities in brain response during a SWM task compared with controls, even after 1 month of abstinence. The activation pattern among MJ teens may reflect different patterns of utilization of spatial rehearsal and attention strategies, and could indicate altered neurodevelopment or persisting abnormalities associated with heavy marijuana use in adolescence.

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“…A preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) study found that adolescent users of marijuana demonstrate increased right hippocampal response during a 2-back verbal working memory task compared to non-users (Jacobsen et al, 2004), perhaps indicating that marijuana users failed to inhibit hippocampal activity due to cannabis-induced changes in inhibitory neurotransmission or apoptosis in the hippocampus. The few studies that have examined cognitive functioning in heavy marijuana using adolescents report deficits in attention (Tapert et al, 2002) and short-term memory (Schwartz et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alcohol and combined marijuana and alcohol use during adolescence on hippocampal volume and asymmetry

Medina

Schweinsburg

Cohen-Zion

et al. 2007

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

238

191

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Background-Converging lines of evidence suggest that the hippocampus may be particularly vulnerable to deleterious effects of alcohol and marijuana use, especially during adolescence. The goal of this study was to examine hippocampal volume and asymmetry in adolescent users of alcohol and marijuana.Methods-Participants were adolescent (aged 15-18) alcohol (ALC) users (n=16), marijuana and alcohol (MJ+ALC) users (n=26), and demographically similar controls (n=21). Extensive exclusionary criteria included prenatal toxic exposure, left handedness, and psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Substance use, cognitive, and anatomical measures were collected after at least 2 days of abstinence from all substances.Results-Adolescent ALC users demonstrated a significantly different pattern of hippocampal asymmetry (p<.05) and reduced left hippocampal volume (p<.05) compared to MJ+ALC users and non-using controls. Increased alcohol abuse/dependence severity was associated with increased right > left (R>L) asymmetry and smaller left hippocampal volumes while marijuana abuse/dependence was associated with increased L>R asymmetry and larger left hippocampal volumes. Although MJ +ALC users did not differ from controls in asymmetry, functional relationships with verbal learning were found only among controls, among whom greater right than left hippocampal volume was associated with superior performance (p<.05).Conclusions-Aberrations in hippocampal asymmetry and left hippocampal volumes were found for adolescent heavy drinkers. Further, the functional relationship between hippocampal asymmetry and verbal learning was abnormal among adolescent substance users compared to healthy controls. These findings suggest differential effects of alcohol and combined marijuana and alcohol use on hippocampal morphometry and the relationship between hippocampal asymmetry and verbal learning performance among adolescents.

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Short-term Memory Impairment in Cannabis-Dependent Adolescents

Cited by 94 publications

References 14 publications

fMRI response to spatial working memory in adolescents with comorbid marijuana and alcohol use disorders

fMRI response to spatial working memory in adolescents with comorbid marijuana and alcohol use disorders

Abstinent adolescent marijuana users show altered fMRI response during spatial working memory

Effects of alcohol and combined marijuana and alcohol use during adolescence on hippocampal volume and asymmetry

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