Background: A meta-analysis of published literature comparing peri-operative, short-term and longterm outcomes after open Nissen's fundoplication (ONF) versus laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.Methods: Electronic databases were searched from January 1991 to October 2009. A systematic review was performed to obtain a summative outcome.Results: Nine randomized controlled trials involving 657 patients were analysed. Three hundred and thirty-six patients were in the laparoscopic and 321 in the open groups. LNF took longer to perform compared with ONF [random effects model: SMD ¼ À1.64, 95% CI (À2.21, À1.06), z ¼ À5.57, df ¼ 8, p < 0.0001]. Patients undergoing LNF stayed in hospital for less time [random effects model: SMD ¼ 1.19, 95% CI (0.74, 1.65), z ¼ À5.14, df ¼ 8, p < 0.0001] and returned to work sooner [random effects model: SMD ¼ 1.23, 95% CI (0.37, 2.09), z ¼ 2.81, df ¼ 5, p < 0.01]. No difference was seen for morbidity or mortality. Symptomatic outcomes after LNF were comparable to ONF in the short and long terms. LNF fared slightly worse than ONF at 6 months in relation to dysphagia; however, this difference disappeared at 12 months follow-up.Conclusions: Laparoscopic Nissen's fundoplication is safe, effective and has shorter hospital stays and is associated with an earlier return to work. LNF is comparable to ONF for symptoms and has a high patient satisfaction rate. This approach may be considered as a first line operative technique; however, further follow-up trials focusing on 6-month outcomes are required to strengthen the evidence.