Short-term outcomes of mothers and infants exposed to antenatal amphetamines

Oei, Ju Lee; Abdel-Latif, Mohamed E; Clark, Rowena; Craig, F. Brown; Lui, Kei

doi:10.1136/adc.2008.157305

Cited by 44 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…While the findings of this study are similar to other studies, it showed that children of addicted mothers experience severe and sustained trauma and have a range of psychological and psychiatric nosology and problems [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The severity of the behaviors as an effect of experiencing trauma should not be underestimated, as these children have experienced trauma for a prolonged period of time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Children of drug addicted parents experience ongoing and multiple levels and forms of trauma [1,2] and these damaging experiences lead to several psychological problems and psychiatric nosology along with comorbid symptomologies [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Regular and ongoing exposure to trauma is likely to have a significantly negative impact on the development of children (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…trauma [5]. For example, children are exposed to use of drugs inhalers/ syringes and needles laying around; are victims of abuse and neglect; witnesses to domestic violence; experience long periods of isolation; face poverty, malnutrition, and experience regular sickness; are regularly exposed to illicit material and mothers having multiple partners; and with no consistent schooling or supportive environments [4,[6][7][8][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. What makes the above-mentioned experiences uniquely more traumatic is that these experiences are likely to be ongoing, regular and continuous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Conceptualizing Trauma for Children of Drug Addicted Mothers: A Developmental Mapping

Lombard¹,

F²,

Pullen³

et al. 2017

J Trauma Treat

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Children of drug addicted mothers are exposed to highly stressful experiences and experience high levels of psychological and emotional distress, alongside psychiatric nosology with multiple comorbid symptoms. The following study extends the work of Lombard, et al. classify the consequences of prolonged or ongoing trauma of children of addicted mothers using lifespan domains. Children of addicted mothers are often exposed to severe and ongoing events of trauma, or environments that are not conducive to adequate development, resulting in a complex array of comorbid and compounding physical and psychological problems. Results showed that the prevalence of trauma experienced by children were categorized as being from social and physical domains, with the emotional domain (reported neglect=26) also being high. These experiences resulted predominantly in behavioral problems and emotional problems. The most salient problems included a child who reported hearing the devil speak to them in an ongoing manner, two children reporting attempted homicides on siblings, and three children reporting hurting animals. Further research in capturing and detailing the extent of the trauma experienced and the resulting lifespan domain problems is necessary.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Conceptualizing Trauma for Children of Drug Addicted Mothers: A Developmental Mapping

Lombard¹,

F²,

Pullen³

et al. 2017

J Trauma Treat

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show abstract

“…Transient, regularly moving from house to house) and unstable lifestyle as a result of being addicted to drugs in general. Amphetamines decrease the gestational period, with 29.5% of mothers delivering preterm, putting the life of the child at a higher likelihood of needing additional medical support [31]. Other studies on maternal amphetamine addiction have found a combination of problems, for example; congenital defects, cardiovascular abnormalities, musculoskeletal abnormalities, cognitive problems, oppositional defiant disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of endogenous problems of children, whose mothers are addicted to illicit illegal drugs such as heroin and amphetamines -it has been found that children have significant physical and cognitive problems [22,[30][31][32]. In one study, children around the age of five, of heroin-addicted mothers, were found to have scored significantly lower on verbal, motor, memory and general cognition compared to the general population [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous and exogenous problems in children of addicted mothers

Lombard¹,

F²,

Swabey³

et al. 2017

Pediatr Dimensions

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Maternal addiction is a significant factor behind the endogenous and the exogenous problems in children. This study extends the works of Cicchetti and Rizley (1981) by providing developmental parameters to classify, categorize and identify common and salient problems of children of addicted mothers (COAM). An archival method was used to review files (36 files, 69 participants, male=39 and female=30) from a residential drug rehabilitation facility. Files were reviewed in terms of children's health and psychological problems and the purpose of the study was to discover how maternal addiction negatively influences children in relation to specific drugs; and to determine the severity and the nature of those problems in terms of how maternal addiction translates to particular problems in children. Results showed that common endogenous problems ranged from biological to psychological problems, with cognitive deficits and emotional wellbeing being salient problems. In terms of exogenous problems, unstable home environments, neglect and abuse were salient. A novel finding of this study was the occurrence of enuresis and encopresis for children, up to the age of 17. Implications of the study are discussed.

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Investigating maternal and neonatal health outcomes associated with continuing or ceasing dexamphetamine treatment for women with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study

Russell,

Wyrwoll,

Preen

et al. 2024

Arch Womens Ment Health

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Purpose Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is becoming more commonly diagnosed in women, consequently, more women of reproductive age are taking ADHD medication, such as dexamphetamine. However, the safety associated with continuing or ceasing dexamphetamine during pregnancy is unclear. This study investigates outcomes associated with the continuation of dexamphetamine during pregnancy compared to those who ceased or were unexposed. Methods A population-based retrospective cohort of women from Western Australia who had been dispensed dexamphetamine during pregnancy and gave birth between 2003 and 2018. Women had either continued to take dexamphetamine throughout pregnancy (continuers, n = 547) or ceased dexamphetamine before the end of the second trimester (ceasers, n = 297). Additionally, a matched (1:1) comparison group of women who were dispensed an ADHD medication prior to pregnancy but not during pregnancy (unexposed) was included in the study (n = 844). Multivariable generalised linear models were used to compare maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Results Compared to continuers, ceasers had greater odds of threatened abortion (OR: 2.28; 95%CI: 1.00, 5.15; p = 0.049). The unexposed had some benefits compared to the continuers, which included lower risk of preeclampsia (OR: 0.58; 95%CI: 0.35, 0.97; p = 0.037), hypertension (OR: 0.32; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.93; p = 0.036), postpartum haemorrhage (OR: 0.57; 95%CI: 0.41, 0.80; p = 0.001), neonatal special care unit admittance (OR: 0.16; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.20; p < 0.001) and fetal distress (OR: 0.73; 95%CI: 0.54, 0.99; p = 0.042). Conclusion Continuing dexamphetamine throughout pregnancy was not associated with an increase in adverse neonatal and maternal health outcomes compared to ceasing. Ceasing dexamphetamine during pregnancy was associated with increased odds of threatened abortion compared with continuing dexamphetamine. However, this is something that requires further investigation due to the small sample size, difficulties examining timing, and the inability to examine spontaneous abortions. The unexposed showed some benefits compared to the continuers, suggesting that where possible the cessation of dexamphetamine prior to pregnancy may be advisable.

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Short-term outcomes of mothers and infants exposed to antenatal amphetamines

Cited by 44 publications

References 25 publications

Conceptualizing Trauma for Children of Drug Addicted Mothers: A Developmental Mapping

Conceptualizing Trauma for Children of Drug Addicted Mothers: A Developmental Mapping

Endogenous and exogenous problems in children of addicted mothers

Investigating maternal and neonatal health outcomes associated with continuing or ceasing dexamphetamine treatment for women with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study

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