Short-term predation risk and habitat complexity influence cheetah antipredator behaviours

Gigliotti, Laura C.; Slotow, Rob; Sholto-Douglas, Craig; Vos, Charli de; Jachowski, David S.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.06.003

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Our findings provide additional support for the notion that dominant carnivores have scale‐dependent and species‐specific effects on subordinate carnivore behavior (Jachowski et al, 2020), which are mediated by vegetation structure (Gigliotti et al, 2021). Of the four smaller carnivores we studied, only bobcats seemed to be influenced by coyotes, suggesting that competition is greatest between these two similarly sized species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Risk from a top predator and forest structure influence scavenging by smaller carnivores

Jensen,

Saldo,

Chapman

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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Large carcasses often attract multiple carnivore species, so subordinate carnivores must weigh the reward of a profitable meal with the risk of being attacked by dominant carnivores. These risk–reward trade‐offs are likely influenced by a variety of factors, including scale‐dependent risk from dominant carnivores (e.g., short‐ vs. long‐term risk) and the amount of carcass remaining. In the southeastern United States, human hunters provision a large amount of white‐tailed deer carrion, which appears to be an important food source for coyotes (a novel top predator), but we know little about how coyotes influence the scavenging behavior of smaller carnivores. In this study, we evaluated the relative importance of risk from coyotes, vulture activity, forest structure, and remaining food on bobcat, gray fox, raccoon, and opossum scavenging by deploying 71 deer carcasses within a managed forest in South Carolina during January 2020 and 2021. We found that coyotes only had direct effects on bobcat behavior, suggesting that competition for carcasses was greatest between these two species. However, the relative importance of long‐ versus short‐term risk from coyotes was dependent on the stage in the scavenging process. Effects from forest structure were also stage‐dependent, where tree density and age were related to carcass discovery for bobcats and raccoons, while minimal understory cover facilitated bobcat, gray fox, and opossum scavenging, despite short‐term risk from coyotes. Vulture activity appeared to serve as a cue for gray foxes to discover carcasses. Ultimately, we found that risk from coyotes had species‐specific and context‐dependent effects on smaller carnivore scavenging. This represents some of the first direct evidence of how coyotes alter smaller carnivore behavior in a region where coyotes are a novel top predator. However, forest structure (particularly understory cover) seemed to mediate risk from coyotes, highlighting how habitat can influence predator–predator interactions. Future research should also investigate these interactions during other times of the year and try to quantify how human‐provisioned carcasses influence populations and communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Risk from a top predator and forest structure influence scavenging by smaller carnivores

Jensen,

Saldo,

Chapman

et al. 2023

Ecosphere

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“…Naturally, Javan deer in PNR had no predator, neither dholes nor Javan leopard, yet feral dogs became the one. The intensity of the presence of predators in a territory could influence the prey's home range and diet palatability (Gower et al 2008;Esparza-Carlos et al 2016;Mumma et al 2018;Churski et al 2021;Gigliotti et al 2021).…”

Section: Daily Behaviour Patterns Of Javan Deermentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative Strategy to Improve the Conservation of Javan Deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia

Firdaus

Irwanto²,

Sumarga³

2023

J.Tropical Biodiversity Biotechnology

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The habitat of Javan deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve (PNR) faced natural changes, particularly due to the succession process of vegetation community in grazing areas, and inadequate infrastructures that affected the deer to roam outside PNR. This study aimed to formulate strategies for the conservation of Javan deer in PNR, focusing on ecological aspects and conservation management. The methods were encountering Javan deer individuals; scan sampling and continuous recording to observe the behaviour of Javan deer; calculating the productivity of grazing area by defoliation experiment and vegetation analysis; reviewing documents, reports and interviews; and analysing strategy using SWOT-QSPM. Results showed there were 43 Javan deer encountered roaming in PNR and outside the conservation area, and nine individuals gathered in Cikamal grassland. The productivity of the grazing areas (5.61 ha) was 93,826 kg of feed annually and was only sufficient for 23 individuals. The grazing areas were dominated by Cynodon dactylon. Javan deer spent their time feeding. Javan deer herd in Cikamal is more intolerant to humans compared to the herd in Pangandaran Nature Tourist Park (PNTP). This study recommends: considering the management status of Javan deer in the conservation management of PNR and PNTP; improving the conservation management of Javan deer and its habitat; improving facilities and the management system of those facilities and conservation-supporting infrastructures; collaboration with researchers to perform some research and innovations for Javan deer conservation; improving the capability of PNR staff theoretically and practically; and educating and empowering the local people in terms of Javan deer conservation.

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“…Furthermore, it is found that the relative growth rate described by linear function is not adaptive; considerable attention and research have been devoted to predator-prey models that incorporate various functional response functions [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Scholars have recognized the significance of considering the influence of anti-predator behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsive Effects and Complexity Dynamics in the Anti-Predator Model with IPM Strategies

Qin,

Dong,

Huang

2024

Mathematics

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When confronted with the imminent threat of predation, the prey instinctively employ strategies to avoid being consumed. These anti-predator tactics involve individuals acting collectively to intimidate predators and reduce potential harm during an attack. In the present work, we propose a state-dependent feedback control predator-prey model that incorporates a nonmonotonic functional response, taking into account the anti-predator behavior observed in pest-natural enemy ecosystems within the agricultural context. The qualitative analysis of this model is presented utilizing the principles of impulsive semi-dynamical systems. Firstly, the stability conditions of the equilibria are derived by employing pertinent properties of planar systems. The precise domain of the impulsive set and phase set is determined by considering the phase portrait of the system. Secondly, a Poincaré map is constructed by utilizing the sequence of impulsive points within the phase set. The stability of the order-1 periodic solution at the boundary is subsequently analyzed by an analog of the Poincaré criterion. Additionally, this article presents various threshold conditions that determine both the existence and stability of an order-1 periodic solution. Furthermore, it investigates the existence of order-k (k≥2) periodic solutions. Finally, the article explores the complex dynamics of the model, encompassing multiple bifurcation phenomena and chaos, through computational simulations.

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Short-term predation risk and habitat complexity influence cheetah antipredator behaviours

Cited by 8 publications

References 69 publications

Risk from a top predator and forest structure influence scavenging by smaller carnivores

Risk from a top predator and forest structure influence scavenging by smaller carnivores

Alternative Strategy to Improve the Conservation of Javan Deer in Pangandaran Nature Reserve, West Java, Indonesia

Impulsive Effects and Complexity Dynamics in the Anti-Predator Model with IPM Strategies

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