Short-term results of the combined application of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser in the treatment of periodontal disease: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objectives Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers have been previously used as an adjunct in periodontal therapy. The aim of this single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a combined application of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation in periodontal treatment. Materials and methods Twenty-two patients with at least one site of ≥ 6 mm periodontal probing depth (PPD) after mechanical debridement with curettes and sonic instruments at periodontal reevaluation were included in the study. Patients were randomly allocated at a 1:1 ratio to either a combined Nd:YAG/Er:YAG laser therapy (test group) or a “turned off” laser therapy (control group). The Nd:YAG laser was used for periodontal pocket deepithelialization and to stabilize the resulting blood clot. The Er:YAG laser was primarily used for root surface modification. PPD (mm), clinical attachment level (CAL, mm), and bleeding on probing (BOP, +/−) at the site of laser treatment were evaluated at baseline and 2 months after treatment. Results The mean improvements from baseline to 2-month follow-up for PPD were significantly better in the laser group (2.05 ± 0.82 mm) compared to the control group (0.64 ± 0.90 mm; p = 0.001). Likewise, the gain in CAL was significantly better in the laser group (1.50 ± 1.10 mm) than in the control group (0.55 ± 1.01mm; p = 0.046). Conclusions The combined application of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation as an adjunct to conventional non-surgical therapy showed a significant beneficial effect on periodontal treatment results. Clinical relevance Combined Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation could be a useful procedure additionally to conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy to improve periodontal treatment results. Clinical trial registration ISRCTN registry #ISRCTN32132076

Evaluation of GCF IL‐17, IL‐10, TWEAK, and sclerostin levels after scaling and root planing and adjunctive use of diode laser application in patients with periodontitis

“…12 However, in literature there are controversial results on the effectiveness of laser applications in adjunctive therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease. There are studies demonstrating significant improvement in clinical and immunological parameters when compared with SRP up to 6 months after treatment, [13][14][15][16] while other studies didn't reveal any significant additional therapeutic benefit. [17][18][19] To make a clarification for these conflicting results, effectiveness of laser therapy in adjunct to periodontal therapy, outcomes should be evaluated not only at clinical level but also in cellular and biochemical level.…”

“…However, in literature there are controversial results on the effectiveness of laser applications in adjunctive therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease. There are studies demonstrating significant improvement in clinical and immunological parameters when compared with SRP up to 6 months after treatment, 13–16 while other studies didn't reveal any significant additional therapeutic benefit 17–19 …”

Biofilm removal from Difficult-to-Reach places via secondary cavitation within a constrained geometry mimicking a Periodontal/Peri-Implant pocket

“…The energies of Er:YAG laser utilized in this study (ranging from 10 to 40 mJ per pulse) fall within a clinically validated range that has been employed in practice for eliminating granulated tissue, biofilm, and calculus from infected pockets for the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases [15] , [30] . Extensive clinical reports in the literature showing positive outcomes of Er:YAG laser therapies minimize concerns of enhanced primary cavitation on periodontal and peri-implant tissues [12] , [31] , [32] .…”

The Clinical and Microbiological Effects of LANAP Compared to Scaling and Root Planing Alone in the Management of Periodontal Conditions

“…Many studies have evaluated clinical and microbiological responses to periodontal treatments. The clinical efficiency of the Nd:YAG laser was demonstrated by the positive results obtained in the ablation of potentially haemorrhagic granulation tissue, obtaining a thick coat of coagulated tissue, in addition to hemostasis [29,31,32].…”