Short-Term to Long-Term Employment Effects of the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Abstract: This study demonstrates that the Football World Cup 1974 in Germany was not able to generate any short to long-term employment effects that were significantly different from zero. It is the first work to examine long-term employment effects of Football World Cup tournaments. It is also one of the first work to undertake a multivariate analysis of the employment effects of a major sporting event outside of the USA. In addition, this study does not arbitrarily determine the time period for the potential positive effects of a major sporting event but instead examines several alternative periods. Furthermore, the study tests for method sensitivity by analysing the data set in parallel with the approaches used in the studies of sporting events in the USA as well as in a fourth modifying estimation approach. In contrast to the conclusions reached in comparable studies, the results are not regarded as a clear refutation of the positive effects of major sporting events. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may

Stadium Architecture and Urban Development from the Perspective of Urban Economics

“…Sports stadia are, in terms of the economy, relatively small undertakings that can cause at the outset barely measurable effects on the layout of the city as a whole (Rosentraub, 1997; Hagn and Maennig, 2008; 2009). Nevertheless, how is a stadium perceived by those in its immediate vicinity?…”

Rejecting “Conventional” Wisdom: Estimating the Economic Impact of National Political Conventions

“…Two types of data have been used most frequently in the existing ex post studies for professional sports. Coates and Humphreys (1999;2002;, Baade and Matheson (2001;2004;, Hagn and Maennig (2007b), and Jasmand and Maennig (2007) use annual data on employment, personal income, or personal income per capita over a wide number of cities and years to estimate the economic impact of sporting events. Clearly annual data is not ideal when examining events with a relatively small duration such as a political convention.…”

“…Due to the difficulties associated with ex ante estimation, numerous scholars estimate the effects of mega-events on local economies by ex post estimation which examines the actual economic performance of local areas that host large events. While few ex post studies of conventions are found in the existing literature, many authors have examined of major sporting events such as the Olympics (Baade and Matheson, 2002;Jasmand and Maennig, 2007) or World Cup (Baade and Matheson, 2004;Hagn and Maennig, 2007a;2007b), the Super Bowl (Porter, 1999;Baade and Matheson, 2006;Coates, 2006), All-Star Games (Baade and Matheson, 2001;Coates, 2006), and post season play in general (Coates and Humphreys, 2002;Coates and Depken, 2006;Baade, Baumann, and Matheson, 2008). The overwhelming majority of ex ante studies of mega-sporting events find little to no significant positive economic impact from hosting these events.…”

The economic impact of the Women’s World Cup

“…according to their estimates, the cities sustained combined cumulative losses that were larger than the expected gain from the events (over $5.5 billion). Hagn and maennig (2007) show that the 1974 World cup had neither a short-nor a long-run effect on employment in 75 German municipalities.…”

“…such findings are not surprising. as seen earlier in the chapter, there is little evidence that events like the olympics (porter and fletcher, 2008) or the men's World cup (baade and matheson, 2004;Hagn and maennig, 2007;maennig, 2007) have large impacts on the overall economic circumstances of the host country, so for the Women's World cup, which is far smaller than either, to generate them would be surprising. as mentioned earlier, average attendance at the 2011 fifa Women's World cup held in Germany was 26,428; the most highly attended Women's World cups, those in the Us in 1999 and in china in 2007, each had average attendance of over 37,000 (37,319 and 37,218, respectively).…”