Short‐term toxicity of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate to early life stages of the rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)

Abstract

Nitrogenous pollutants including ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate are a widespread concern in natural waters and aquaculture. In the present study, the toxicity of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate to rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) in the early life stage were evaluated by 2 short-term toxicity tests. In the short-term toxicity test, conducted on embryo and sac-fry stages, 30 fertilized eggs with 3 replicates were randomly exposed to varying levels of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate until 3 d posthatch (dph). In the 7-d larval subchronic toxicity test, 30 newly hatched larvae with 3 replicates were randomly exposed to varying levels of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate until 7 dph. The results showed that the 7-d larval subchronic toxicity test was more sensitive than the short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages. Both toxicity tests revealed that ammonia was most toxic to rare minnows, followed by nitrite and nitrate. High levels of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate decreased growth, retarded development, and increased mortality. The no-observed-effect concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate for larval growth were 2.49 mg L À1 , 13.33 mg L À1 , and 19.95 mg L À1 nitrogen, respectively. The present study's results demonstrate that nitrogenous pollutants pose a threat to wild populations of rare minnows and provide useful information for establishing water quality criteria for this laboratory fish.

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

“…Because nitrite affects the ability of blood to transport oxygen, a reduction in ambient water DO concentrations increases the effect of toxicity. Although there are many studies about acute and sublethal effects of nitrite on fish in the literature [14,16,[20][21][22], comprehensive studies on the chronic effects of nitrite on different fish species under aquaponic conditions will be necessary considering the interaction of plant roots and the efficiency of related bacteria in the system. In brief, the related bacteria that may be involved in aquaponic systems are the following: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), including bacteria of the genera Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrosospira, Nitrosolobus, and Nitrosovibrio, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), including bacteria of the genera Nitrobacter, Nitrococcus, Nitrospira, and Nitrospina [23].…”

BSA/ASN/Pol407 nanoparticles for acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment

“…This decrease in the toxicity could be due to the nanoparticles' capacity to retain ammonia. It was already described for Gobiocypris rarus (a species that shows features similarities with zebrafish) that high levels of ammonia decreased growth, retarded development and increased mortality [40]. The retention of ammonia by the nanoparticles will decrease the ammonia concentration and avoid its potentials side-effects.…”

Neglect of Temperature and pH Impact Leads to Underestimation of Seasonal Ecological Risk of Ammonia in Chinese Surface Freshwaters

“…Ammonia can enter aquatic environments via various pathways and can be highly toxic to aquatic life [8][9][10]; therefore, it has received considerable attention from scientists since the 1980s [11,12]. e chemical form of ammonia in water consists of two species: the ammonium (NH 4 + ) molecule and the unionized ammonia (NH 3 ) molecule.…”