Short‐term variability in the ionosphere due to the nonlinear interaction between the 6 day wave and migrating tides

Gan, Quan; Oberheide, J.; Yue, Jia; Wang, Wenbin

doi:10.1002/2017ja023947

Cited by 47 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This has largely been made possible by the development and application of first‐principles general circulation models that solve the coupled equations governing the energetics, dynamics, electrodynamics, and chemistry of the stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere. For instance, authors used the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM) to demonstrate that PW themselves can penetrate above 100 km to produce dynamo electric fields that drive Q2DW (Yue et al, , ) and Q6DW (Gan et al, , ) F‐region ionospheric variability, although it is recognized that such penetration is highly sensitive to the zonal‐mean wind distribution above 100 km, which is poorly known. In addition, Yue et al (), Gan et al (), and Gu et al () show that the nonlinear interaction between PW and tides and the secondary waves that arise from these interactions play an important role in how the ionosphere responds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, authors used the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM) to demonstrate that PW themselves can penetrate above 100 km to produce dynamo electric fields that drive Q2DW (Yue et al, , ) and Q6DW (Gan et al, , ) F‐region ionospheric variability, although it is recognized that such penetration is highly sensitive to the zonal‐mean wind distribution above 100 km, which is poorly known. In addition, Yue et al (), Gan et al (), and Gu et al () show that the nonlinear interaction between PW and tides and the secondary waves that arise from these interactions play an important role in how the ionosphere responds. Other studies have shown that the dissipation of PW (Chang et al, ; Gan et al, ; Yue & Wang, ) or changes in turbulent mixing arising from PW modulation of GW (Nguyen & Palo, ) can induce chemical changes that translate to ionospheric variations, either at PW periods or in the net response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oscillation of the Ionosphere at Planetary‐Wave Periods

et al. 2018

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F‐region ionospheric oscillations at planetary‐wave (PW) periods (2–20 days) are investigated, with primary focus on those oscillations transmitted to the ionosphere by PW modulation of the vertically propagating tidal spectrum. Tidal effects are isolated by specifically designed numerical experiments performed with the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model for October 2009, when familiar PW and tides are present in the model. Longitude versus day‐of‐month perturbations in topside F‐region electron density (Ne) of order ±30–50% at PW periods occur as a result of PW‐modulated tides. At a given height, these oscillations are mainly due to vertical oscillations in the F layer of order ±15–40 km. These vertical movements are diagnosed in terms of changes in the F2‐layer peak height, ΔhmF2, which are driven by the vertical projections of E × B drifts and field‐aligned in situ neutral winds. E × B drifts dominate at the magnetic equator, while the two sources play more equal roles between 20° and 40° magnetic latitudes in each hemisphere. The in situ neutral wind effect arises from vertical propagation of PW‐modulated tides, whereas the E × B drifts originate from dynamo‐generated electric fields produced by the E‐region component of the same wind field; the former represents a new coupling mechanism for production of ionospheric oscillations at PW periods. Roughly half the above‐mentioned variability in Ne and hmF2 is associated with zonally symmetric (S0) oscillations, which contribute at about half the level of low‐level magnetic activity during October 2009. The thermosphere‐ionosphere‐electrodynamics general circulation model simulates the S0 oscillations in Ne observed from the CHAMP satellite well during this period and reveals that S0 oscillations in E × B play a significant role in driving S0 oscillations in ΔhmF2, in addition to neutral winds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oscillation of the Ionosphere at Planetary‐Wave Periods

et al. 2018

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“…Secondary waves generated from the nonlinear interaction between tides and planetary waves may propagate upward and induce ionospheric variability (e.g., England et al, 2012;Yue et al, 2016;Gan et al, 2017). This way, we investigated the amplitude and phase vertical structures of the 0.75 cycles day −1 secondary wave shown in Fig.…”

Section: Interaction Between the Ufkw And The Diurnal Tidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the phase lag we estimated a vertical wavelength of approximately 44 km. This relatively long vertical wavelength (Forbes, 2000;Gan et al, 2017) may allow the secondary wave to penetrate into the Eregion dynamo and induce variability in the ionosphere. Such investigation, however, is outside the scope of this study.…”

Section: Interaction Between the Ufkw And The Diurnal Tidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances have pointed out the potential of the secondary waves to induce variability in the ionosphere. For example, from a modeling perspective, Gan et al (2017) showed that secondary waves generated by the nonlinear interaction of the diurnal and semidiurnal solar migrating tides with the 6-day planetary wave contribute to the shorter-term variability in the ionosphere. They observed that the relatively large magnitude and vertical wavelengths of two secondary waves (21 h period westward zonal wavenumber 2 and 13 h period westward zonal wavenumber 1) in the E-region zonal wind are favorable for an efficient dynamo modulation and responsible for the prominent signals of the respective waves in the vertical ion drift and peak electron densities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast Kelvin waves in the MLT airglow and wind, and their interaction with the atmospheric tides

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Airglow and wind measurements from the Brazilian equatorial region were used to investigate the presence and the effects of the 3-4-day ultrafast Kelvin waves in the MLT. The airglow integrated intensities of the OI557.7 nm, O 2 b(0-1) and OH(6-2) emissions, as well as the OH rotational temperature, were measured by a multichannel photometer, and the zonal and meridional wind components between 80 and 100 km were obtained from a meteor radar. Both instruments are installed in the Brazilian equatorial region at São João do Cariri (7.4 • S, 36.5 • W). Data from 2005 were used in this study. The 3-4-day oscillations appear intermittently throughout the year in the airglow. They were identified in January, March, July, August and October-November observations. The amplitudes induced by the waves in the airglow range from 26 to 40 % in the OI557.7 nm, 17 to 43 % in the O 2 b(0-1) and 15 to 20 % in the OH(6-2) emissions. In the OH rotational temperature, the amplitudes were from 4 to 6 K. Common 3-4-day oscillations between airglow and neutral wind compatible with ultrafast Kelvin waves were observed in March, August and October-November. In these cases, the amplitudes in the zonal wind were found to be between 22 and 28 m s −1 and the vertical wavelength ranges from 44 to 62 km. Evidence of the nonlinear interaction between the ultrafast Kelvin wave and diurnal tide was observed.

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Exploring Wave‐Wave Interactions in a General Circulation Model

et al. 2018

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Nonlinear interactions involving Kelvin waves with (periods, zonal wave numbers) = (3.7d, s =− 1) (UFKW1) and = (2.4d, s =− 1) (UFKW2) and s = 0 and s = 1 quasi 9 day waves (Q9DW) with diurnal tides DW1, DW2, DW3, DE2, and DE3 are explored within a National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) thermosphere‐ionosphere‐mesosphere electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME‐GCM) simulation driven at its ∼30 km lower boundary by interpolated 3‐hourly output from Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). The existence of nonlinear wave‐wave interactions between the above primary waves is determined by the presence of secondary waves (SWs) with frequencies and zonal wave numbers that are the sums and differences of those of the primary (interacting) waves. Focus is on 10–21 April 2009, when the nontidal dynamics in the mesosphere‐lower thermosphere (MLT) region is dominated by UFKW and when identification of SW is robust. Fifteen SWs are identified in all. An interesting triad is identified involving UFKW1, DE3, and a secondary UFKW4 = (1.5d, s =− 2): The UFKW1‐DE3 interaction produces UFKW4, the UFKW4‐DE3 interaction produces UFKW1, and the UFKW1 interaction with UFKW4 produces DE3. At 120 km the dynamic range of the reconstructed latitude‐longitude zonal wind field due to all of the SW is roughly half that of the primary waves, which produced them. This suggests that nonlinear wave‐wave interactions could significantly modify the way that the lower atmosphere couples with the ionosphere.

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Short‐term variability in the ionosphere due to the nonlinear interaction between the 6 day wave and migrating tides

Cited by 47 publications

References 56 publications

Oscillation of the Ionosphere at Planetary‐Wave Periods

Oscillation of the Ionosphere at Planetary‐Wave Periods

Ultrafast Kelvin waves in the MLT airglow and wind, and their interaction with the atmospheric tides

Exploring Wave‐Wave Interactions in a General Circulation Model

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