Short-term variability of bisphenols in spot, morning void and 24-hour urine samples

Determinants of exposure levels of bisphenols in flemish adolescents

“…As mentioned, no urine samples were collected during summer, meaning this result should be interpreted with caution. In general, analysis of a single spot urine sample might also not represent exposure accurately due to within-individual variation as a consequence of short halflife of bisphenols (Vernet et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019;Gys et al, 2020b).…”

“…Control samples showed good agreement between both cycles, although measured with different analytical methods. A limitation of the study is the lack of multiple urine sampling from the same adolescent because bisphenols are short-lived compounds and can vary considerably within an individual (Gys et al, 2020b). This might have influenced the comparison between FLEHS II and FLEHS IV and the exposure determinant analysis.…”

Reviewing the variability in urinary concentrations of non-persistent organic chemicals: evaluation across classes, sampling strategies and dilution corrections

“…In this context, a single spot (urine) sample, as is common in traditional biomonitoring campaigns, might not be representative to characterize the exposure of an individual. Recently, various efforts have been made to evaluate the reproducibility of biomonitoring measurements (Bastiaensen et al, 2020b;Gys et al, 2021b;Klimowska et al, 2020) or to estimate how many samples are needed per individual to obtain an accurate exposure assessment (Faÿs et al, 2020). However, a clear conclusion on this matter and suggestions for improvement of study design in the future are missing.…”

Bisphenol A and Its Analogues Deteriorate the Hormones Physiological Function of the Male Reproductive System: A Mini-Review

“…Therefore, this chemical is being replaced with its analogues. Among the commonly used BPA analogues are bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) [ 18 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. These analogues share the same basic structure as BPA, where the two benzene rings are attached either with the short carbon or with other chemical chains [ 45 , 46 ].…”