Short-term very low-calorie diet in obese females improves the haemostatic balance through the reduction of leptin levels, PAI-1 concentrations and a diminished release of platelet and leukocyte-derived microparticles

Abstract

Background: In obesity, metabolic stress and inflammation in injured tissues could favour enhanced shedding of procoagulant microparticles (MPs). At sites of endothelium injury, the swift recruitment of procoagulant leukocyte-derived MPs enables the initiation of blood coagulation and thrombus growth. Objectives: In obese females, we sought to evaluate the impact of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) on procoagulant MP levels, fibrinolytic status, inflammation and endothelium damage. Methods: Circulating biomarkers of vascular damage, fibrinolytic status, platelet activation and inflammation were measured before, 30 and 90 days after starting a short-term VLCD. MPs were measured by flow cytometry and capture assays. Their procoagulant potential was quantified using functional prothrombinase assays and their cellular origin were determined using flow cytometry (endothelium, platelet, leukocyte, lymphocyte and erythrocyte-derived MP) or capture assays. Results: A total of 24 obese females (39 ± 10 years) with a mean body mass index of 35 ± 4 kg m À2 were prospectively enroled. Procoagulant leukocyte-derived MPs were associated with the waist circumference at baseline (r ¼ 0.534; P ¼ 0.010) and at 90 days follow-up (r ¼ 0.487; P ¼ 0.021). At 90 days, weight reduction (À9.8%) was associated with a lowering of blood pressure, improvement of metabolic parameters and a significant reduction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (À38%), procoagulant platelet-derived MPs (À43%), leukocyte-derived MPs (À28%) and leptin (À32%) levels. Conclusion: In obese females, a short-term VLCD results in an overall improvement of the haemostatic balance characterized by the reduction of PAI-levels, diminished release of platelet and leukocyte-derived MPs and a reduction in leptin levels, an adipocyte-derived cytokine.

Clinical significance of circulating microparticles in Ph− myeloproliferative neoplasms

“…All flow cytometry data were analysed using BD CellQuest Pro 5.1 software (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). MP analyses were performed using the flow cytometer as previously described (14). The absolute number of MPs was calculated using the following formula: (992x number of MPs)/(4x number of Flow-Count fluorescent microspheres).…”

Microparticles as Biomarkers of Vascular Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome and its Individual Components

“…Biomarkers of vascular damage and circulating levels and origins of microparticles were determined before, 30 and 90 days after starting the diet. At 90 days of diet, weight reduction was significantly associated with reduction of procoagulant, leukocyte and lymphocyte microparticles together with improved cardio-metabolic parameters such as leptin levels and blood pressure [68]. Owing to the strong correlation between microparticle circulating levels and cardiovascular risk factors in obese people, the monitoring the circulating levels of microparticles may be regarded as an interesting tool to evaluate the efficiency of life-style interventions or treatments on the reduction of cardiovascular risk in obese people.…”

“…Strategies to reduce weight have been shown to modulate the numbers of specific sub-populations of circulating microparticles that are increased in obese subjects, further indicating a link between overweight/obesity and the elevation of circulating microparticles. For instance, Morel et al [68] subjected 24 obese women to a very low-calorie diet for 90 days. Biomarkers of vascular damage and circulating levels and origins of microparticles were determined before, 30 and 90 days after starting the diet.…”

Relationship between Changes in Plasma Leptin Concentrations and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Obese Prepubertal Children after Nine Months of Treatment

“…A positive correlation between PAI-1 and plasma leptin has been demonstrated in men with ischemic heart disease [33]. In obese females, weight reduction was associated with a significant reduction of PAI-1 and leptin [34]. …”