Short-Wavelength Technology and the Potential For Distributed Networks of Small Radar Systems

McLaughlin, D.J.; Chandrasekar, V.

doi:10.1175/2009bams2507.1

Cited by 239 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In recent years, X-band meteorological radar networks are beginning to appear; see for example, the CASA radars, very well described in a recent review article published on BAMS (Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society) [15], where an extensive bibliography is reported. X-band radars described in this paper are certainly simpler: un-coherent, pulsed, one polarization only, non Doppler, with a fixed elevation of the antenna.…”

Section: X-band Radarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Band Mini Radar for Observing and Monitoring Rainfall Events

Allegretti¹,

Bertoldo²,

Prato³

et al. 2012

ACS

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Quantitative precipitation estimation and rainfall monitoring based on meteorological data, potentially provides continuous, high-resolution and large-coverage data, are of high practical use: Think of hydrogeological risk management, hydroelectric power, road and tourism. Both conventional long-range radars and rain-gauges suffer from measurement errors and difficulties in precipitation estimation. For efficient monitoring operation of localized rain events of limited extension and of small basins of interest, an unrealistic extremely dense rain gauge network should be needed. Alternatively C-band or S-band meteorological long range radars are able to monitor rain fields over wide areas, however with not enough space and time resolution, and with high purchase and maintenance costs. Short-range X-band radars for rain monitoring can be a valid compromise solution between the two more common rain measurement and observation instruments. Lots of scientific efforts have already focused on radar-gauge adjustment and quantitative precipitation estimation in order to improve the radar measurement techniques. After some considerations about long range radars and gauge network, this paper presents instead some examples of how X-band mini radars can be very useful for the observation of rainfall events and how they can integrate and supplement long range radars and rain gauge networks. Three case studies are presented: A very localized and intense event, a rainfall event with high temporal and spatial variability and the employ of X-band mini radar in a mountainous region with narrow valleys. The adaptability of such radar devoted to monitor rain is demonstrated.

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Section: X-band Radarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Band Mini Radar for Observing and Monitoring Rainfall Events

Allegretti¹,

Bertoldo²,

Prato³

et al. 2012

ACS

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“…Actually, dual polarization techniques have allowed to mitigate the impact of attenuation on radar measurements based on return powers [Bringi et al, 1990;Gorgucci et al, 2006] at C-and X-band, whereas advance in processing of differential phase shift to determine robust estimation of its derivative (namely, the specific differential phase shift) [Wang and Chandrasekar, 2009] which is nearly linearly related to rainfall rate, has determined improvement in obtaining robust quantitative precipitation estimation [Wang and Chandrasekar, 2010]. Recently, dense networks of small, low cost X-band dual-polarization radars have been pursued by the CASA (Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere) engineering center to sensing precipitation close to the ground, mitigating the impact of Earth curvature on systems conceived for measurements at far distances, such as S-band systems [McLaughlin et al, 2009]. At higher frequencies the impact of attenuation resulting from precipitation needs to be resolved for successful implementation at horizontal elevation angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave radar signatures of precipitation from S band to K_a band: application to GPM mission

Baldini

Chandrasekar

Moisseev

2012

European Journal of Remote Sensing

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Radars at different frequencies have been used over five decades for observing precipitation. S and C bands have been employed for long range coverage observations. Dual-polarization X-band radars have been shown to be useful for networked applications. Space borne precipitation radars have been at K u band, or higher frequencies such as K a , as in the GPM mission. This paper presents a comprehensive and unified view of radar precipitation observations at these bands, highlighting the advantages, limitations and the specific applications associated to them. Moreover, relationships between radar measurements at different bands in rain are illustrated. Examples of their use to predict attenuation margin and to simulate observations of the dual polarization, dual frequency K u and K a scanning radar D3R to be used in the ground validation program of the GPM mission are shown.

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“…Such radars are utilized for research purposes and for filling gaps in operational radar coverage. Networks of inexpensive X-band radars are also used for high-resolution precipitation mapping (e.g., McLaughlin et al 2009). X-band radar measurements, however, require corrections of reflectivity and differential reflectivity data for attenuation and differential attenuation in rain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally Based Estimates of Relations between X-Band Radar Signal Attenuation Characteristics and Differential Phase in Rain

Matrosov

Kennedy

Cifelli

2014

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Correcting observed polarimetric radar variables for attenuation and differential attenuation effects in rain is important for meteorological applications involving measurements at attenuating frequencies such as those at X band. The results of estimating the coefficients in the correction-scheme relations from dual-wavelength polarimetric radar measurements of rainfall involving attenuating and nonattenuating frequencies are described. Such coefficients found directly from measurements are essentially free from different assumptions about drop shapes, drop size distributions, and/or relations between different radar variables that are typically used in many attenuation and differential attenuation correction schemes. Experimentally based estimates derived using dual-wavelength radar measurements conducted during a project in northern Colorado indicate values of the coefficients in the attenuation-differential phase quasi-linear relations at X band in the approximate range of 0.20-0.31 dB deg 21 . The corresponding coefficients in the differential attenuationdifferential phase relations are in the range of 0.052-0.065 dB deg 21 .

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Short-Wavelength Technology and the Potential For Distributed Networks of Small Radar Systems

Cited by 239 publications

References 37 publications

X-Band Mini Radar for Observing and Monitoring Rainfall Events

X-Band Mini Radar for Observing and Monitoring Rainfall Events

Microwave radar signatures of precipitation from S band to K_a band: application to GPM mission

Experimentally Based Estimates of Relations between X-Band Radar Signal Attenuation Characteristics and Differential Phase in Rain

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Short-Wavelength Technology and the Potential For Distributed Networks of Small Radar Systems

Cited by 239 publications

References 37 publications

X-Band Mini Radar for Observing and Monitoring Rainfall Events

X-Band Mini Radar for Observing and Monitoring Rainfall Events

Microwave radar signatures of precipitation from S band to Ka band: application to GPM mission

Experimentally Based Estimates of Relations between X-Band Radar Signal Attenuation Characteristics and Differential Phase in Rain

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Product

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Microwave radar signatures of precipitation from S band to K_a band: application to GPM mission