Shortcuts for biomonitoring programs of stream ecosystems: Evaluating the taxonomic, numeric, and cross-taxa congruence in phytoplankton, periphyton, zooplankton, and fish assemblages

Abstract

Different biological groups can be used for monitoring aquatic ecosystems because they can respond to variations in the environment. However, the evaluation of different bioindicators may demand multiple financial resources and time, especially when abundance quantification and species-level identification are required. In this study, we evaluated whether taxonomic, numerical resolution and cross-taxa can be used to optimize costs and time for stream biomonitoring in Central Brazil (Cerrado biome). For this, we sampled different biological groups (fish, zooplankton, phytoplankton, and periphyton) in stream stretches distributed in a gradient of land conversion dominated by agriculture and livestock. We used the Mantel and Procrustes analyses to test the association among different taxonomic levels (species to class), the association between incidence and abundance data (numerical resolution), and biological groups. We also assessed the relative effect of local environmental and spatial predictors on different groups. The taxonomic levels and numerical resolutions were strongly correlated in all taxonomic groups (r > 0.70). We found no correlations among biological groups. Different sets of environmental variables were the most important to explain the variability in species composition of distinct biological groups. Thus, we conclude that monitoring the streams in this region using bioindicators is more informative through higher taxonomic levels with occurrence data than abundance. However, different biological groups provide complementary information, reinforcing the need for a multi-taxa approach in biomonitoring.

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Phytoplankton and Role of Environment Factors in the Shending River Backwater in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

“…Furthermore, the Mantel test was applied in order to investigate the relationship between environmental variables and phytoplankton communities [66][67][68][69]. The Mantel statistic is calculated between the values in matrices but follows the same equation as Pearson's correlation.…”

Zooplankton-phytoplankton biomass and diversity relationships in the Great Lakes

“…Zooplankton and phytoplankton Shannon diversity were not significantly correlated in our study, providing additional evidence for inconsistent vertical diversity effects across aquatic ecosystems. Positive vertical diversity effects have been observed between bacterial and nanoflaggelate assemblages [62]; however, zooplankton diversity was not predicted by phytoplankton diversity across a wide range of marine systems [63], tropical streams [64], or temperate lakes [65].…”

Current Status of Omics in Biological Quality Elements for Freshwater Biomonitoring

“…The phytoplankton community is frequently monitored to detect environmental impacts. Similar to the periphyton, they have similar environmental requirements and dispersal capacity [25,26]. Aquatic invertebrates are widely used as indicators of ecosystem health because of their limited mobility, life cycles in water, and response to anthropogenic pressures [27].…”