Shorter periconception maternal telomere length and the risk of congenital cardiac outflow defects in the offspring

Abstract

Background Congenital cardiac outflow defects (COD) are the largest group of congenital heart defects, with ventricular septal defect (VSD) as the most prevalent phenotype. Increased maternal age, excessive oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of COD and enhance telomere length (TL) shortening. We investigated the association between periconception maternal TL and the risk of having a child with COD. Methods From a multicentre case‐control trial, 306 case mothers of a child with COD and 424 control mothers of a child without a congenital malformation were selected. Relative TL was measured by qPCR. Multivariable logistic regression was used to compute crude and adjusted odds ratios, per standard deviation decrease, between maternal T/S ratio and COD and VSD risk. Adjustments were made for maternal age. Additional adjustments were made in a second model. Results Shorter maternal relative TL was significantly associated with an OR of 1.29 (95% CI 1.04–1.61), p = .02, for the risk of VSD in offspring, which remained significant after an adjustment for maternal age (adjOR 1.25(95% CI 1.01–1.55), p = .04). No association between maternal TL and the risk of overall COD in offspring was observed. Conclusion Shorter maternal relative TL is associated with an approximately 1.3‐OR for the risk, per SD in relative TL shortening, of VSD in the offspring. These findings need further confirmation in other studies on the predictive value of maternal TL.

An Evaluation of Food and Nutrient Intake among Pregnant Women in The Netherlands: A Systematic Review

“…The use of a supplement containing multiple vitamins and minerals is not recommended; however, it may be useful when a diet appears inadequate for several nutrients due to dietary restrictions (e.g., not consuming fish). Multivitamin supplement use was reported in several studies and ranged from 18% to 80% [56,58,69,71,74,76,84,87,91,100,101]. Prenatalspecific supplement intake increased during early pregnancy: 29% of the women started the use before pregnancy, and at 8 weeks of pregnancy, 61% used this type of supplement [102].…”