Therapy for infertile couples comprises gender-specific as well as couple-specific aspects. Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures focus on the causes of the infertility such as refertilization or epididymovasostomy on the one hand and assisted fertilization with extracted spermatozoa on the other. Using an interdisciplinary approach including urology, gynecology, reproductive medicine and human genetics, the treating physicians are able to fulfil the desire of infertile couples for a healthy child in many cases.