Should clinicians worry about vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus bloodstream infections?

Salgado, Cassandra D.; Ison, M. G.

doi:10.1038/sj.bmt.1705532

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Seventy‐nine percent of foals with Enterococcus bacteremia had adequate transfer of passive immunity, suggesting that failure of transfer of passive immunity is not associated with colonization and subsequent bacteremia. Enterococcus bacteremia is not often fatal in humans, 25 reflected in the lack of difference between cases where Enterococcus was isolated compared with those with negative blood cultures in the present study. All Enterococcus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

“…in foal diarrhea continues to deserve further study. 4 It is perhaps not surprising that Enterococcus is a common isolate in foals with enteritis as this organism has emerged as one of the top 3 causes of bacteremia in children during the same period as our study, 21,22 and is widely thought to be a low virulence pathogen of immuno-incompetent hosts, [21][22][23][24][25] in whom translocation from the intestinal lumen to the blood stream is thought to occur readily. 22 Seventy-nine percent of foals with Enterococcus bacteremia had adequate transfer of passive immunity, suggesting that failure of transfer of passive immunity is not associated with colonization and subsequent bacteremia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Bacteremia in Equine Neonatal Diarrhea: A Retrospective Study (1990–2007)

Hollis¹,

Wilkins²,

Palmer³

et al. 2008

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Bacteremia in sick foals is associated with survival, but the association of bacteremia and diarrhea is not reported.Hypothesis: Neonatal foals with diarrhea will commonly be bacteremic. Animals: One hundred and thirty-three neonatal foals.Methods: Records of all foals o30 days of age presenting with diarrhea between January 1990 and September 2007 were reviewed.Results: Sixty-six of 133 foals (50%) were bacteremic at admission, with 75 isolates from the 66 samples. The blood culture from a further 18 foals (13.5%) grew coryneform bacteria. Nine foals (6.8%) had 2 or more organisms grown on blood culture. One foal had 5 different organisms, interpreted as contamination. Forty-eight foals (36%) had no growth on admission blood cultures. No cultures isolated fungal organisms. Excluding coryneform bacteria, 43 isolates (57%) were Gram-negative organisms and 32 isolates (43%) were Gram-positive organisms. The most common isolate was Enterococcus spp. (22 isolates, 29%), followed by Pantoea agglomerans (13 isolates, 17%). IgG concentration at admission was not associated with blood culture status. Blood culture status was not associated with survival to hospital discharge.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Bacteremia is common in neonatal foals with diarrhea. Decisions regarding antimicrobial selection should be made with these differences in mind.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Bacteremia in Equine Neonatal Diarrhea: A Retrospective Study (1990–2007)

Hollis¹,

Wilkins²,

Palmer³

et al. 2008

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Infections with VRE are a major cause of morbidity in HSCT recipients [ 3 ]. Universal use of central venous catheters, heavy exposure to prophylactic and therapeutic anti-infectives, numerous periods of hospitalization and extensive contact to health-care providers predisposes this patient cohort to colonization and subsequent infections with resistant pathogens such as VRE [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a department for hematologic stem cell transplantation

Krull¹,

Klare

Ross³

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

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BackgroundPrevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci has increased in Germany. Here, we report the cluster of linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (LVRE) in a German department for hematologic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsIn this retrospective analysis we included all patients with LVRE in a university-based department for HSCT in 2014 and 2015. Patients chart reviews were used to investigate the epidemiology and clinical outcome. Available LVRE isolates underwent detailed microbiological characterization and genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).ResultsIn total, 20 patients with LVRE were identified within the observed time period. All except two patients underwent allogeneic HSCT. Surveillance culture results from incoming patients and chart review revealed that 10 of 20 patients were colonized at hospital admission. Eight of 10 patients with in-hospital acquired LVRE had previous linezolid treatment. Analysis of spatio-temporal patterns showed no evidence for LVRE patient-to-patient or environment-to-patient transmission within the HSCT department. In five cases (25 %) LVRE bloodstream infection occurred. Nine LVRE isolates could be saved for characterization. Eight isolates carried vanA, one isolate vanB. PFGE analysis showed that four different LVRE clones were responsible for the cluster. One single genotype was present in six LVRE isolates whereupon the corresponding patients were all referred from the same hospital to the HSCT department.ConclusionsThis is the first report demonstrating the emergence of LVRE in a German HSCT department. (L)VRE screening at patients’ admission and appropriate infection control strategies were sufficient to prevent any transmission. Further studies in this predisposed patient collective are warranted.

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“…This variability may result from differing severity of underlying illness in largely heterogeneous transplant populations as well as different screening and treatment strategies, changing epidemiology of VRE colonization across transplant centers, and evolving transplant practice and supportive care measures over the last two decades. In addition to these varied reported experiences, while some authors have reported that VRE colonization and/or BSI are independent risk factors for mortality 12 , 18 , 24 , others have argued against causality and conclude that these are simply markers of a complicated post-transplant course 6 , 23 , 25 , 26 .…”

Section: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci Colonization and Infection mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient: an overview of epidemiology, management, and prevention

Benamu¹,

Deresinski

2018

F1000Res

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Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) is now one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections in the United States. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients are at increased risk of VRE colonization and infection. VRE has emerged as a major cause of bacteremia in this population, raising important clinical questions regarding the role and impact of VRE colonization and infection in HSCT outcomes as well as the optimal means of prevention and treatment. We review here the published literature and scientific advances addressing these thorny issues and provide a rational framework for their approach.

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Should clinicians worry about vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus bloodstream infections?

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Bacteremia in Equine Neonatal Diarrhea: A Retrospective Study (1990–2007)

Bacteremia in Equine Neonatal Diarrhea: A Retrospective Study (1990–2007)

Emergence of linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a department for hematologic stem cell transplantation

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infection in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient: an overview of epidemiology, management, and prevention

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